Tar-Ancalimon and the Division of Númenor

The 14th ruler of Númenor was Tar-Ancalimon, "...and in his day the people of Númenor became divided" (p. 266, The Silmarillion). The divisions were known as the King's Men and the Elf-friends. The King's Men, the larger group, sided with Tar-Ancalimon, growing proud and estranging themselves from the Valar and the Elves. The Elf-friends, Elendili, were loyal to the King yet they kept friendship with the Elves and listened to the warnings of the Valar. "Many of the King's Men began to forsake the use of the Elven-tongues, and to teach them no longer to their children. But the royal titles were still given in Quenya, out of ancient custom rather than love, for fear lest the breaking of the old usage should bring ill-fortune" (p. 221, Unfinished Tales).

And though the King's Men did not love the Eldar or Valar they were not so foolish to break the ban of sailing West. Eastward to Middle-earth they went. "But the fear of death grew ever darker upon them, and they delayed it by all means that they could; and they began to build great houses for their dead, while their wise men laboured unceasingly to discover if they might the the secret of recalling life, or at the least prolonging Men's days" (p. 266, The Simarillion). Reminds me a bit of our current society; which seems to do everything it can to avoid aging and the inevitable death that comes with it. Yet we must all realize that we will all die and die with unfulfilled hopes and dreams. No amount of money, plastic surgery, or exercise can stop it. I think from a Biblical world view what the Númenóreans are wrestling with makes sense considering what God has laid in our hearts.

And with what life they had the people turned to revelry and pleasure so that after Tar-Ancalimon's days people seldom went to Meneltarma, the Holy Mountain. The first fruit offerings to Eru were neglected. The Númenórean's sailed in great numbers to Middle-earth coming as lords of the land exacting tribute rather than teachers and servants to the Men they encountered. And so Númenor grew in power and wealth. "In all this the Elf-friends had small part. They alone came now ever to the north and the land of Gil-galad, keeping their friendship with the Elves and lending them aid against Sauron" (p. 267, The Silmarillion).

Sauron hated the Númenórean's for the aid given to Gil-galad when Sauron warred for the the Rings of Power. Still, he feared their ever growing power and did not, for a while, challenge their settlements in Middle-earth. "Yet Sauron was ever guileful, and it is said that among those whom he ensared with the Nine Rings three were great lords of the Númenórean race. And when the Ring-wraiths arose he began his assault on the Númenórean strong places" (p. 267, The Silmarillion). These things took place during the days of Tar-Ancalimon and his 165 years of ruling.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1986-2386

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 221 and The Silmarillion, pages 266-267

The Shadow On the Númenóreans

"Now this yearning grew ever greater with the years; and the Númenóreans began to hunger for the undying city that they saw afar, and the desire of everlasting life, to escape from death and the ending of delight, grew strong upon them; and ever as their power and glory grew greater their unquiet increased" (p. 263, The Silmarillion). An ominous beginning for today's reading. Essentially the Shadow that would eventually lead to the downfall of Númenor began with an envy of the Elves and fear of death. For they thought it unfair that the Elves did not experience death; not even the Elves who had rebelled against the Valar. Yet they, the faithful Men, still must die and forfeit all they had worked to build. "Thus it was that a shadow fell upon them: in which maybe the will of Morgoth was at work that still moved in the world" (p. 264, The Silmarillion).

And this restlessness against their allotted fate as well as their desire to sail West and set foot upon the Undying Lands reached the ears of Manwë and he was grieved. He sent messengers to reason with the Dunedain. And they spoke of Eru who governed the fates of all people and it was he, not Manwë's land, that made the Elves deathless. The Elves are bound to Arda and its life is their life where as Men were given death as a gift and not a punishment. To which the Númenóreans said, "'For of us is required a blind trust, and a hope without assurance, knowing not what lies before us in a little while'" (p. 265, The Silmarillion). I think this is a profound statement. Being a follower of Jesus means I am called to live by faith and not by sight. And yet at times I feel a similar sentiment as the Númenóreans, this blind trust, this hope without assurance. And yet, that's not how the Bible describes faith.

As an encouragement the messengers of Manwë said: "'Indeed the mind of Illúvatar concerning you is not known to the Valar, and he has not revealed all things that are to come. But we hold this to be true, that your home is not here, neither in the Land of Aman nor anywhere in the Circles of the World'" (p. 265, The Silmarillion). Those are encouraging words for those with ears to hear. Again, this reminds me of my faith in Christ, this world is not my home. When my eyes are not on Christ I can grow fearful or prideful which is the mix in play for the Númenóreans. The messengers gave this warning to the Númenóreans to beware even though they had once escaped the Shadow.

But Tar-Atanamir did not listen to the messengers and many of the people followed suit. And as a result The Silmarillion gives a little more clarity to his death (which makes sense knowing the sentiment of the people of that day): "And Atanamir lived to a great age, clinging to his life beyond the end of all joy; and he was the first of the Númenóreans to do this, refusing to depart until he was witless and unmanned, and denying to his son the kingship at the height of his days" (p. 266, The Silmarillion).

One last little tidbit. The messengers of Manwë said something else to the Númenóreans that I found incredibly encouraging when framed in the context of my life. "'The love of Arda was set in your hearts by Illúvatar, and he does not plant to no purpose'" (p. 265, The Silmarillion). Indeed what a great reminder. That God has placed desires in my heart and those desires are no pointless. For example I love stories (who doesn't, right?). The big sweeping epic kinds of story full of good and evil, sacrifice, and courage. Like Lord of the Rings of course! I love seeing the arch narratives in the Biblical text. This whole notion that there is a bigger story happening and I want to play my role to the fullest. Many a day I look at my seemingly mundane life thinking it's bereft of purpose. But I must remember, the love of giving myself to a larger story (God's story ultimately) was set in my heart by God and He does not plant to no purpose. I wonder, too, what other desires in my heart I dismiss as inconsequential that are really seeds planted by a God full of purpose. 

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 2000-2221

Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 263-266

Tal-Elmar

This is an unfinished perspective of the coming of the Númenóreans to Middle-earth by the Wild Men who dwelt there. It highlights two men Hazad Longbeard and his son Tal-Elmar.

Of Hazad Longbeard it is said: "Two prides he had" in the number of his sons (seventeen in all), and in the length of his beard (five feet without stretching); but his joy in his beard was the greater" (p. 423, The Peoples of Middle-earth). That sounds a little funny, taking more enjoyment from one's beard than his children (though if I could grow a beard I may do the same) but it's revealed that Hazad's sons for the most part had left his house and had never concerned themselves with their father again. Though his youngest son (18 years old), Tal-Elmar loved his father dearly. These Wild Men where short and swarthy but Tal-Elmar was tall and white-skinned. Though he did not seem as strong as his people none could take him down when his anger was aroused. And mostly his anger was spoked when someone disrespected his father.

"For Tal-elmar had a strange belief (whence it came was a wonder) that the old should be treated kindly and with courtesy, and should be suffered to live out their life-days in such ease as they could" (p. 423-424, The Peoples of Middle-earth). Tal-elmar was wise enough to see that the elderly had earned their rest and food from years and labors and that they possessed wisdom concerning situations that young had not yet faced. I love that perspective. I pray I can keep it, not only with my parents, but generations older than me. Hazad, in return, dearly loved his son and not only because he was treated with respect. Tal-elmar reminded Hazad after his mother. In fact that's who he named his youngest son after.

Hazad's father, Buldar, had went to war years earlier and brought home a woman, Elmar, and took her as his wife. When she had learned enough of the Wild Men's speech she declraed to Buldar: "'I have much to thank thee for, lord; but think not ever to get my love so. For thou hast torn me from my own people, and from him that I loved and from the child that I bore him'" (p. 425, The Peoples of Middle-earth). Buldar acknowledged her feelings but added it would be useless for her to try to escape for multiple reasons. She went on to predict a curse saying that Buldar's house would wane, along with his people, and how one would arise, of her kin alone, signaling the end of all Buldar's people. Hazard was  the youngest child and Buldar and Elmar and he loved his mother. Her words proved true as Buldar became poor and the people started to dwindle.

Fast forward to a father-son morning walk. Sitting on a hill together Tal-elmar's young eyes espied several ships on the Sea. Three white and one black. This troubled his father. Hazad told his son about the three enemies of their people: The wild men of the mountains, the Fell Folk of the East (his mother's kin), and the High Men of the Sea. It was said that the High Men of the Sea worshipped the Dark and took many captives for food or sacrifice. Being convinced his son was not mistaking the ships for something else they went back to the Master of their town to raise warning. It's clear Mogru, the Master, had little respect for Hazad's family. He laughed at Hazad's tale and insulted him. This aroused Tal-elmar's anger and he spoke many defiant words back to the Master. This enraged Mogru but many of his men were away and he knew he could not have Tal-elmar killed until they were back.

Eventually he goes with Hazad and Tal-elmar to the hill and all three now see the ships which are much closer. Now Mogru was fearful and sought to raise a defense. But his cunning was greater than Tal-elmar's. The youth had offered to be Mogru's messenger during their intense exchange in the village so that the Master could not issue secret messages against him or his father. Mogru now used this pledge against Tal-elmar. Telling him first to gather the men to the village and the run to the shore to spy out useful information concerning the Sea Men. Tal-elmar realized immediately that he was in trouble but pledged death to Mogru if anything should happen to his father while he was away.

Tal-elmar gathered them men and then went into the forest toward the shore. Though fearful at first a growing though came upon Tal-elmar. He felt as if he was going to greet friends and kinsmen rather than enemies. He already felt like an alien among his people; perhaps the newcomers would welcome him. As he found a point to spy Tal-elmar realized there were too many soldiers to count. Mogru had given strict orders to come back with solid intel or do not come back at all. As he sat and watched the Sea Men Tal-elmar remembered another time when Mogru had sent him on a life threatening mission (though he did not recognize it at the time). Realizing Mogru intended to kill him sooner than later and spurred on by the thought that he was meeting kinsmen Tal-elmar revealed himself to the Númenóreans.

They take him prisoner. At first sight they thought him to be an Elf but when he spoke the tongue of the Wild Men they did not trust him. Their captain felt sure that Tal-elmar was of Númenórean dissent given his appearance and likeness to them. "Tar-elmar feels the language to be known and only veiled from him" (p. 435, The Peoples of Middle-earth). They treat him kindly hoping he can remember their language and aid in their mission to occupy the land. Eventually Tal-elmar does speak in their tongue saying it is the language spoken in his dreams. The Númenóreans are shocked and think he has met with the Elves but Tal-elmar does not know what they are talking about. They offer to take him with them so he can see but he grows fearful thinking of the tales his father told him.

The Númenóreans explain they are enemies of the Dark and it's the people of Tal-elmar that belong to the Dark. They explain to him the meaning of their black ship. Tal-elmar says that his people do not love or serve the dark; including his father. With this admission Tal-elmar declares he will not leave his father even to meet the Elves. "'Alas!' they said. 'Your time of dwelling in these hills is come to an end. Here the men of the West have resolved to make their homes, and the folk of the dark must depart--or be slain'" (p. 437, The Peoples of Middle-earth). The last note of the story is Tal-elmar offers himself as hostage. I would assume it's an attempt to save his father whom he loves but we'll never know. The frustrating bit about reading things from Unfinished Tales or The History of Middle-earth is that you can see glimpses of stories Tolkien never had the time to finish. I was reading an entirely different book recently where the author was reminding me that all of us, Professor Tolkien included, will die with unfulfilled dreams and desires. It's how this life works. So with that in mind I am very thankful for the works that Tolkien did produce.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 1800-2250
Today's reading comes from: The People's of Middle-earth, pages 423-437

Tar-Atanamir the Great

Tar-Atanamir was the thirteenth ruler of Númenor. It was during his father's rule, Tar-Ciryatan, the Shadow was first perceived. It fell upon Númenor during Atanamir's rule; mostly through greed and pride which led to hardened hearts toward the Valar, especially their ban laid upon the Dunedain to never sail West. Alas the Valar were still feared at this time so only words against them were spoken. But Atanamir took to sailing East and exacted tribute from Men of Middle-earth. He ruled for 192 years until death took him in 2221. "Atanamir is called also the Unwilling, for he was the first of the Kings to refuse to lay down his life, or to renounce the sceptre; and he lived until death took him perforce in dotage" (p. 221, Unfinished Tales). In this refusal to renounce the sceptre another fruit of the Shadow was felt in Númenor.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1800-2221
Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 221

Tar-Ciryatan

Tar-Ciryatan was the 12th ruler of Númenor. He ruled for 160 years. "He was a mighty King, but greedy of wealth; he built a great fleet of royal ships, and his servants brought back great store of metals and gems, and oppressed the men of Middle-earth" (p. 221, Unfinished Tales). It was during his reign that the first Shadow upon Númenor settled.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1634-2035
Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 221

Of The Enemy

Even suffering defeat in battle Sauron was able to gain back the Rings of Power, minus the Three held by the Wise (Galadriel, Gil-galad, and Elrond). Sauron sought dominion over Middle-earth through the Rings dispersing the Seven to the Dwarves and the Nine to Men. Because Sauron had a hand in making these Rings he was able to pervert them and their bearers. "The Dwarves indeed proved tough to tame; they ill endure the dominion of others, and the thoughts of their hearts are hard to fathom, nor can they be turned to shadows" (p. 288, The Silmarillion). The Dwarves used their Rings for wealth and as a result an overpowering greed took their hearts. "It is said that the foundation of each of the Seven Hoards of the Dwarf-kings of old was a golden ring; but all of those hoards long ago were plundered and the Dragons devoured them, and of the Seven Rings some were consumed in fire and some Sauron recovered" (p. 289, The Silmarillion).

Men were a different story. Ready to do Sauron's will (as for Morgoth in the past) they were easily taken by the Rings. While using the Nine rings they became great among Men as kings, warriors, and sorcerers. The Rings granted them long life that became unendurable to them and one by one they became thralls to their rings under the power of the One Ring. And they became only visible to Sauron their master. "The Nazgul were they, the Ringwraiths, the Enemy's most terrible servants; darkness went with them, and they cried with the voices of death" (p. 289, The Silmarillion). And so it was that Sauron's power (and pride) grew. He gathered to himself all the remaining servants of Morgoth he could find and the Orcs grew in great numbers again. Although he could still clothe himself in fair disguise Sauron was becoming known across Middle-earth. "...those that perceived his shadow spreading over the world called him the Dark Lord and named him the Enemy..." (p. 289, The Silmarillion).

"Thus the Black Years began, which the Elves call the Days of Flight" (p. 289, The Silmarillion). Many Elves were killed or fled to Lindon where Gil-galad resided. From there they left on Círdan's ships never to return to Middle-earth. Gil-galad, with aid from Númenor, still proved too powerful for Sauron to attack but the Enemy reigned in almost all other places. Those that couldn't make it to Gil-galad, Elrond, or Galadriel hid in the wild wood and mountain regions. And nearly all Men in the east and south served Sauron as king and god.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 1700-1900

Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 288-289

The One Ring and Other Rings of Power

Using the knowledge that Annatar bestowed the Mírdain began to work. "Now the Elves made many rings; but secretly Sauron made the One Ring to rule the others, and their power was bound up with it, to be subject wholly to it, and to last only so long as it too should last" (p. 287, The Silmarillion). Sauron poured much of his strength and will into the One Ring as it need to be absolutely powerful to subject the great works of the Elves to it; he forged it in the Mountain of Fire. It was about 1500 Second Age when the Mírdain began making the Rings of Power and Sauron left Eregion to secretly work on the One. "And while he wore the One Ring he could perceive all the things that were done by means of the lesser rings, and he could see and govern the very thoughts of those that wore them" (p. 288, The Silmarillion).

But the Mírdain were not in league with Sauron as is exemplified by their leader. "Now Celebrimbor was not corrupted in heart or faith, but had accepted Sauron as what he posed to be; and when at length he discovered the existence of the One Ring he revolted against Sauron, and went to Lórinand to take counsel once more with Galadriel" (p. 237, Unfinished Tales). Sauron recognized his disguise was spoiled brought forth open war on the Elves demanding he be given all the Rings for he had a part in their making. Of all the Rings of Power Sauron most desired the Three: Narya, Nenya, and Vilya the Rings of Fire, Water, and Air: "...they were forged by Celebrimbor alone, and the hand of Sauron had never touched them; yet they also were subject to the One" (p. 288, The Simarillion).

Galadriel counseled Celebrimbor that the Three should be hidden far from Eregion and never used. "It was at this time that she received Nenya, the White Ring, from Celebrimbor, and by its power the realm of Lórinand was strengthened and made beautiful; but its power upon her was great also and unforeseen, for it increased her latent desire for the Sea and for return into the West, so that her joy in Middle-earth was diminished" (p. 237, Unfinished Tales). The other two Rings were sent to Gil-galad for keeping.

In 1695 Second Age Sauron brought his forces over Calenardhon (Later known as Rohan region of). In response Gil-galad issued a host led by Elrond to meet Sauron who immediately invaded Eregion. Celeborn gathered a small force and kept Sauron's armies at bay long enought to link up with Elrond, but they were far outnumbered. Sauron's forces ravaged Eregion with their chief objective being the capture of the House of the Mírdain where the treasures were stored. "Celebrimbor, desperate, himself withstood Sauron on the steps of the great door of the Mírdain; but he was grappled and taken captive, and the House was ransacked" (p. 238, Unfinished Tales). Sauron captured the Nine Rings of Power but he could not find the Seven or the Three, which he most wanted. Celebrimbor was tortured and revealed the whereabouts of the Seven but would not say a word concerning the Three. Sauron guessed they were guarded by Gil-galad and Galadriel.

Sauron was hot with wrath. "In black anger he turned back to battle; and bearing as a banner Celebrimbor's body hung upon a pole, shot through with Orc-arrows, he turned upon the forces of Elrond" (p. 238, Unfinished Tales). Elrond's force was much too small and would have been annihilated if Durin the Dwarve had not sent forth an army from Khazad-dûm from the rear. With Durin rode Amroth leading Elves from Lórinand. "Elrond was able to extricate himself, but he was forced away northwards, and it was at that time [in the year 1697, according to the Tale of Years] that he established a refuge and stronghold at Imladris (Rivendell)" (p. 238, Unfinished Tales). Sauron turned his anger on the Dwarves but when driven back the gates of Moria were shut and Sauron could not enter. But never would those that dwelt in Moria leave Sauron's hate.

Sauron then decided to gain full control of Eriador and attack Lindon (where Gil-galad dwelt) next. He would save Lórinand (Galadriel) for later. However, Sauron could advance only with a small number as he was forced to leave a significant force behind in case Elrond should mount an attack from the North. Gil-galad had called Númenor for more aid in 1695 since there was a small Númenórean garrison in Middle-earth. Tar-Minastir answered sending out a great navy but it was delayed. By the time they reached the shore in 1700 Sauron had gained control of Eriador (save Imladris) and was advancing upon Gil-galad. "Gil-galad and the Númenóreans were holding the Lhûn in desperate defence of the Grey Havens, when in the very nick of time the great armament of Tar-Minastir came in; and Sauron's host was heavily defeated and driven back. The Númenórean admiral Ciryatur sent part of his ships to make a landing further to the south" (p. 239, Unfinished Tales).

Indeed as Sauron reconnected with the host he had left to guard against Elrond he found himself besieged again by the Númenórean forces Ciryatur had sent south (they landed at a harbor originally built by Aldarion). "In the battle of Gwathló Sauron was routed utterly and he himself only narrowly escaped" (p. 239, Unfinished Tales). Sauron, in utter loss, ruin, and humiliation retreated to Mordor and vowing vengeance against Númenor in his heart. "At this time the first Council was held, and it was there determined that an Elvish stronghold in the east of Eriador should be maintained at Imladris rather than in Eregion. At that time also Gil-galad gave the Blue Ring, to Elrond, and appointed him to be his vice-regent in Eriador; but the Red Ring he kept, until he gave it to Círdan when he set out from Lindon in the days of the Last Alliance" (p. 239, Unfinished Tales). So the Wise (Galadriel, Elrond, and Gil-galad) took the Three Rings and "...concealed them and never again used them openly while Sauron kept the Ruling Ring" (p. 288, The Silmarillion). And the Númenóreans began to settle in Middle-earth in greater numbers seeing the might of their own strength.

At last Sauron reveals himself openly and is met with greater resistance than he expected. The more I read Tolkien I appreciate his ability to create vivid pictures without filling in all the details. It allows the reader to imagine how certain battles or councils and other events take place. Though I crave continuity and details I agree with this person's take on the Middle-earth universe. 

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 1500-1700

Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 287-288 and Unfinished Tales, pages 237-239

Tar-Minastir

Tar-Minastir was the 11th ruler of Númenor. He had a high tower built and spent much of his days gazing toward the West. "For the yearning was grown strong in the hearts of the Númenóreans. He loved the Eldar but envied them" (p. 220, Unfinished Tales). Minastir did not turn a blind eye to the East however. He sent aid to Gil-galad in the coming war I will detail in the next post. Minastir ruled for 138 years.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1474-1873
Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 220

Tar-Telperien

Tar-Telperien was the 10th ruler of Númenor, and the second ruling Queen. She did not marry so when she died the sceptre was passed to Ministar son of one of Tar-Súrion's sisters. Telperien was born in 1320 Second Age and died in 1731 after ruling for 175 years.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1320-1731
Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 220

Tar-Súrion

The ninth ruler of Númenor was Tar-Súrion. "He was the third son of Tar-Anárion; his sisters refused the sceptre. He was born in the year 1174, and ruled 162 years; he surrendered the scepter in 1556, and died in 1574" (p. 220, Unfinished Tales).

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1174-1574
Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 220

Of the Silvan Elves and the Ents

These events are tough to place in the chronology, they seemed, at least in my mind, to make sense here--around 1350-1450 Second Age.

The Silvan Elves were a branch of Elves that did not make the original journey to Valinor. They eventually settled in the woods near the Lonely Mountain and Long Lake (both key locations in The Hobbit). They had been kin and neighbors of the Elves of Lorien (or Lórinand) where Galadriel settled before moving. However, Oropher (father of Thranduil, father of Legolas) had resented the presence of Celeborn and Galadriel (I am not sure why) and also sought to move far form the growing number of Dwarves in Moria.

As for the region of Lorien the Galadhrim claimed governance of the woods. However: "There was no visible borders between Lorien and Fanghorn, but neither the Ents nor the Galadhrim ever passed them. For legend reported that Fanghorn himself had met the King of the Galadhrim in ancient days, and Fanghorn had said: 'I know mine, and you know yours; let neither side molest what is the other's. But if an Elf should wish to walk in my land for his pleasure he will be welcome; and if an Ent should be seen in your land fear no evil.' Long years had passed, however, since Ent or Elf had set foot in the other land" (p. 261, Unfinished Tales).

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 1350-1400

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 258 and 261

Of Annatar and Galadriel

Sauron found Men the easiest to sway in Middle-earth (as did Morgoth) but he ever sought to control the Elves. So he disguised himself as one fair and wise and went amongst the Elves. "Only to Lindon he did not come, for Gil-galad and Elrond doubted him and his fair-seeming, and though they knew not who in truth he was they would not admit him to the land" (p. 287, The Silmarillion). But other Elves, thirsty for Sauron's great knowledge, welcomed him gladly ignoring the warnings of Gil-galad and Elrond. "...for Sauron took to himself the name of Annatar, the Lord of Gifts, and they at first had much profit from his friendship" (p. 287, The Silmarillion). By cunning words Sauron spoke against Gil-galad and Elrond and encouraged the Elves that would listen to make for themselves a land that would rival the beauty of Valinor.

"But in the meantime the power of Galadriel and Celeborn had grown, and Galadriel, assisted in this by her friendship with the Dwarves of Moria, had come into contact with the Nandorin realm of Lórinand on the other side of the Misty Mountains" (p. 236, Unfinished Tales). The Nandorin were some of the Elves who forsook the original journey to the West with the Valar. Their land encompassed forest on either side of the Great River including Dol Guldur (which will play an important role in coming events; including those in The Hobbit). Galadriel sought to strive against the actions of Sauron (though it seems doubtful she knew the truth of who Annatar was). But the Noldor, the Elves who had made the original journey, of Eregion, where Galadriel and Celeborn resided, listened to Sauron. Among them was Celebrimbor, "...who desired in his heart to rival the skill and fame of Fëanor" (p. 236, Unfinished Tales).

For the Noldor were not at peace; they loved Middle-earth but longer for the joy and beauty of Valinor where they once lived. So they hearkened to Sauron's teaching and guidance to make things of surpassing beauty. "But Sauron guided their labours, and he was aware of all that they did; for his desire was to set a bond upon the Elves and to bring them under his vigilance" (p. 287, The Silmarillion). Indeed, "In Eregion Sauron posed as an emissary of the Valar sent by them to Middle-earth..." (p. 236-237, Unfinished Tales). Between their pride for knowledge and false security since Morgoth was overthrown the Noldor fell into Sauron's evil plans. That is so true of me as well. In pride or false belief many of my worst moments are born.

Sauron recognized that his chief adversary in the region would be Galadriel for she mistrusted him. He treated her with kindness and patience for the time being forbearing her scorn. Sauron turned his attention onto Celebrimbor who, with other smiths, formed the Gwaith-i-Mírdain, a powerful brotherhood of artisans in Eregion. Eventually, by Sauron's persuasion, the brotherhood revolted against the rule of Galadriel and Celeborn between 1350-1400 Second Age. "Galadriel thereupon left Eregion and passed through Khazad-dûm to Lórinand, taking with her Amroth and Celebrían; but Celeborn would not enter the mansions of the Dwarves, and he remained behind in Eregion, disregarded by Celebrimbor. In Lórinand Galadriel took up rule, and defence against Sauron" (p. 237, Unfinished Tales). Celebrían is the daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn but her date of birth is not spelled out by Tolkien. However, lots of great geeky stuff in here. I love to see the story come together and make a compelling whole. I'm all smiles right now.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 1200-1400

Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, page 287 and Unfinished Tales, pages 236-237

Tar-Anárion

"VIII Tar-Anárion: He was the son of Tar-Ancalimë, and he was born in the year 1003. He ruled for 114 years, and surrendered the Sceptre in 1394; he died in 1404" (p. 220, Unfinished Tales). His mother Ancalimë had ruled for 205 years, the second longest reign next to Elros, and she died in 1285 Second Age after yielding the Sceptre in 1280.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 1003-1404
Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 220

Sauron Stirs

While there was relative peace in Middle-earth through the first millennium of the Second Age by 986 Sauron began to stir. "Seeing the desolation in the world, Sauron said in his heart that the Valar, having overthrown Morgoth, had again forgotten Middle-earth; and his pride grew apace" (p. 286, The Silmarillion). Though he hated the Elves and feared the Númenóreans (who by now where frequenting Middle-earth) he hid the plans of his heart. "...he chose the land of Mordor, as it was afterwords called, for a stronghold as a counter to the threat of the Númenórean landings [this dated c. 1000 in the Tale of Years]" (p. 236, Unfinished Tales). However, he left the region where Galadriel and Celeborn dwelt alone for a while not coming there until about 1200 second age, "...wearing the fairest form that he could contrive" (p. 236, Unfinished Tales). And so the great enemy of Frodo and the free peoples of the Third Age of Middle-earth begins his slow advance.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, circa 986-1200
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 286-287, Unfinished Tales, page 236

The Law of Heirship Changes

In 892 Second Age Aldarion changed the laws of Númenor concerning heirship. The eldest daughter of the King could now accept the Sceptre should he have no son. Aldarion paved the way for his daughter Ancalimë to become ruling Queen of Númenor. The Council added two parameters to this new law: 1) That she would have the right to refuse and 2) the heirship was forfeited if she remained too long unwed. Aldarion added that the marriage for any heir should be to someone from the line of Elros. "It is said that this ordinance arose directly from Aldarion's disastrous marriage to Erendis and his reflections upon it" (p. 209, Unfinished Tales).

Later Aldarion rescinded the clause that the Heir must marry for he knew his daughter's reluctance (as was his own) to have others impose their will on her. Many suitors for Ancalimë began to appear because of her beauty, her position, and the intrigue of her upbringing was discussed amongst all in the island. It is said that she fled away from both Armenelos and Emerië to avoid suitors taking for a time the life of a shepherdess. One story said that Erendis knew her whereabouts and Aldarion prevented the counsel from looking for her. Another account stated Erendis was troubled and Aldarion angry at Ancalimë's actions. And to assuage the King's anger Erendis attempted to reconcile with him. "But Aldarion was unmoved, declaring that the King had no wife, but that he had a daughter and an heir; and that he did not believe that Erendis was ignorant of her hiding-place" (p. 209, Unfinished Tales).

During her exile Ancalimë was wooed and fell in love with a shepherd named Mámandil. Once he declared his love to her she revealed her true identity, as Heir to the King, and she could not marry him. However, the shepherd revealed his true name Hallacar, a descendent of Elros and because of his lineage they could indeed marry. Ancalimë was angry at the deception saying that should she have free will. Her preference would have been to marry Úner (which means Noman). In the end the two were wed.

Again there are a couple of versions of the story. One, that because of his pursuit of her heart and the urging of the Counsel she married sooner than later. However, another tale says that she waited overlong to marry and her cousin, Soronto, tried to usurp the throne from her. In either case it was clear that Ancalimë and Hallacar had a dysfunctional marriage like Aldarion and Erendis. "Her life with Hallacar was unhappy, and she begrudged him her son Anárion, and there was strife between them thereafter" (p. 211, Unfinished Tales). As a result Ancalimë forbid any of the women of her house to marry. Many obeyed but still had suitors and lovers in the country. Because of her bitterness toward her husband she, being Queen, took away his land since she was the rightful ruler of Númenor. To get back at her Hallacar arranged for her servant girls to be wedded and deceived Ancalimë to attend the weddings. He told her it was a last feast at his house before he gave up his land and to her dismay it was a grand wedding feast for all those she had forbidden to marry.

As for Aldarion he continued his many voyages to Middle-earth leaving Ancalimë his regent. Around 1000 Second Age he took his last trip over the Great Sea. Ancalimë became Queen of Númenor in 1075 Second Age. "It is told that after the death of Tar-Aldarion in 1098 Tar-Ancalimë neglected all her father's policies and gave no further aid to Gil-galad in Lindon" (p. 212, Unfinished Tales). She ruled Númenor as queen until 1280. Her two granddaughters refused the scepter because they feared and disliked her and the sceptre went rather to the youngest grandchild, a son.

"Of Erendis it is said that when old age came upon her, neglected by Ancalimë and in bitter loneliness, she longed once more for Aladarion; and learning that he was gone from Númenor on what proved to be his last voyage but that he was soon expected to return, she left Emerië at last and journeyed unrecognised and unknown to the haven of Romenna. There, it seems, she met her fate; but only the words 'Erendis perished in the water in the year 985' remain to suggest how it came to pass" (p. 212, Unfinished Tales)

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 892-1280

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 208-212

The Early Years of Aldarion's Reign

Aldarion became King of Númenor in 883 Second Age and immediately decided to leave for Middle-earth. This caused much unrest as a King had never before left the shores of Númenor. He no longer placed a bough of return on his ship. Rather he placed an eagle with golden beak and jewelled eyes on the vessel which was a gift from Círdan. Aldarion felt the eagle would lead him to Middle-earth and he trusted the Valar for his safe return. The records of his many journey's to Middle-earth were lost but it is noted that on one occasion he did meet with Galadriel.

Of the help Gil-galad asked for it could be said that Númenor did not provide a timely answer. "Aldarion was too late, or too early. Too late: for the power that hated Númenor had already waked. Too early: for the time was not yet ripe for Númenor to show its power or to come back into the battle for the world" (p. 206, Unfinished Tales). I think the latter proves the more costly. Revealing yourself to an enemy before your strength is full does not seem likely to be a winning strategy.

As for Ancalimë, daughter or Aldarion, not much detail is given. She grew up during this time under the influence of her mother. She was less prim than her mother and was like her father in that she did not enjoy others to impose their will on her particularly when it came to marriage. "She approved, as it were, both Erendis' treatment of Aldarion on his late return but also Aldarion's anger, impenitence, and subsequent relentless dismissal of Erendis from his heart and concern" (p. 206, Unfinished Tales). Perhaps Ancalimë was so touchy when it came to marriage because she was first-hand witness to her parents dysfunctional relationship.

A section of Erendis' counsel to Ancalimë on men is given. As expected much of it is unflattering and combative. But there was one bit Erendis spoke of that cut me to the quick. I was admittedly convicted when I read it; ashamedly knowing it was all too applicable to my life (Tolkien spoke of the applicability of his work). She said, "'Anger they show only when they become aware, suddenly, that there are other wills in the world beside their own" (p. 207, Unfinished Tales). Ouch. I often have this gnawing sense that I'm not living life quite how it should be lived. That I'm not has joyful or approachable as I want to be. That statement provided clarity for me. Like looking into a mirror whether you want to or not. Perhaps the reason why I'm so annoyed, short-tempered, and even angry at circumstances in my life and, more often than I want to admit, with my wife and children is because I'm basically throwing a temper tantrum because I'm not getting my way. My way or the highway, right? It's selfish and it's ugly. I couldn't escape it when I read it. I've been processing and praying with Jesus since. Oh God, may this not be may daily reality. May I be gracious, kind, gentle, flexible, and willingly give my life away to others. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.

Alas, during the first 18 years or so of Aldarion's reign he was mostly away from Númenor even though the works of his hands in Middle-earth were not completed (by lack of manpower or destruction of others). Ancalimë spent those years between Armenelos and Emerië treated with deference by all especially Aldarion and his mother Almarian. As she grew Erendis' behavior troubled Ancalimë because she acted as a widow rather than a queen. Even so, she would often travel to Emerië to the exasperation of Aldarion. "She was clever, and malicious, and saw promise of sport as the prize for which her mother and her father did battle" (p. 208, Unfinished Tales). Indeed, the fruit of a dysfunctional marriage.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 883-901

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 205-208

King Meneldur's Decision

After several days Aldarion returned to Romenna. "By that time, as he found to his embitterment, many tongues were already wagging in the City" (p. 201, Unfinished Tales). It seems people couldn't stop talking about the future King and Queen of Númenor--isn't our culture the same way? Endlessly talking about the rich and famous in our society, particularly if woes or poor choices enter into the scenario. In anger he had Armenelos, his house, destroyed and every tree cut down on the property and sent to the shipwards, save one. The white Elven-tree he left untouched, recognizing it's beauty, as was told to him at his wedding feast.

Several days after this he went before King Meneldur, his father. He was angry and full of contempt. Accusing the King of conspiring with Erendis and robbing him of purpose. His mind was made up to incur the wrath of the King and then set sail once and for all for Middle-earth. He asked only for his inheritance for his great ship Hirilondë and all the men it could hold. He also requested that his daughter not be raised in isolation in Emerië. Meneldur sat in silence and full of patience. When Aldarion finally stopped his ranting the King exonerated himself from conspiracy with Erendis and acknowledged that for too long he had no clear understanding of Aldarion's voyages.

Aldarion responded that it was partly Meneldur's fault that he did not know his purposes. Yet he was not silent. Aldarion tried to explain to Erendis who either did not want to listen or did not want to understand. Of his wife he said, "'I love her, or I should care less. The past I will keep in my heart; the future is dead. She does not love me, or aught else. She loves herself with Numenor as a setting, and myself as a tame hound, to drowse by the hearth until she has a mind to walk in her own fields'" (p. 203, Unfinished Tales). I find it very interesting that a running theme in the contention of husband and wife is that of taming. It would seem that the wife is trying to make her husband something she can control; and the husband is not something that can be tamed.

Meneldur proceeded to speak of Gil-galad's letter and it's gravity and how such things were beyond his knowledge. He then read from a parchment written by Meneldur himself: "Therefore: first for the honour of his well-beloved son; and second for the better direction of the realm in courses which his son more clearly understands, the King has resolved: that he will forthwith resign the Sceptre to his son, who shall now become Tar-Aldarion, the King" (p. 203, Unfinished Tales). Such a thing had never before happened in Númenor. Meneldur was in full vigor ruling only for 142 years at this point. And I don't believe it was simply because Meneldur was scared to make a decision. Rather, he knew his son would be better fit to lead for a time such as this and he wished to honor the son he loved. For by becoming King Aldarion would be raised above the drama and scorn that was happening with Erendis.

Aldarion was amazed. He had been trying to rouse his father to anger and this move was most unexpected. At first he fell to his knees but then he laughed for he was moved by the generosity of the act. He recognized immediately his own pride and his father's great humility and how the latter out shined the former. One week later the King gathered with his Council to inform them of his decision. Most urged Meneldur to give the decision more time but he assured them he had put much thought into his it and they could not convince him otherwise. His only request was he keep the Sceptre until Erukyermë in the spring.

Erendis was hurt by the news of the proclamation. Meneldur moved quickly to command her, though graciously, to come to Armenelos with Ancalimë until Erukyermë. It likely was an attempt by Meneldur to reconcile Aldarion and Erendis. She refused to come but agreed to send Ancalimë. Meneldur showed her letter to Aldarion and he said, "'It is far below my hope of her. She has dwindled; and if I have wrought this, then black is my blame. But do the large shrink in adversity? This was not the way, not even in hate or revenge! She should have demanded that a great house be prepared for her, called for a Queen's escort, and come back to Armenelos with her beauty adorned royally, with the star on her brow; then well nigh all the Isle of Númenor she might have bewitched to her part, and made me seem a madman and churl. The Valar be my witness, I would have rather have had it so: rather a beautiful Queen to thwart me and flout me, than freedom to rule while the Lady Elestirnë falls down dim into her own twilight'" (p. 205, Unfinished Tales). What a noble response. He'd rather see his reputation and honor suffer than that of Erendis.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 882-883

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 201-205

Gil-galad's Plea For Aid

Aldarion, leaving Emerië, heard much joy and celebration at the house of Ulbar, Îbal's father. Much music and laughter was heard as Ulbar's wife danced with him. At first Aldarion smiled but became bitter at the treatment from his own wife. Before riding off, never to set foot in Emerië again, he bestowed a bejeweled gold bracelet to Ulbar's wife as a small token for the time he took her husband away. This jewel came from Gil-galad the High King of the Elves of Middle-earth. My hunch is it was originally intended for Erendis. This was not the only item Adlarion had brought from Gil-galad. He had a letter to be delivered to his father, Meneldur, that he gave before leaving to find Erendis.

Meneldur opened the letter to read it's content. After formal openings it began: "Long have I owed you thanks, for you have so many times sent to me your son, Anardil Aldarion: the greatest Elf-friend that now is among Men, I deem. At this time I ask your pardon, if I have detained him overlong in my service; for I had great need of the knowledge of Men and their tongues which he alone possesses. He dared many perils to bring me counsel. Of my need he will speak to you; yet he does not guess at how great it is, being young and full of hope. Therefore I write this for the eyes of the King of Númenor only" (p. 199, Unfinished Tales).

Gil-galad went on to explain how a new shadow was rising, clearly a servant of Morgoth (though yet unnamed). He spoke of the Elves need for help against a war that was surely coming. How Aldarion had labored much building havens and strongholds but never with enough men to sustain them nor did Círdan have enough workers to aid. He urged Meneldur to listen and aid his son. Ending the letter by saying, "The memories of the First Age are dim, and all things in Middle-earth grow colder. Let not the ancient friendship of the Eldar and Dunedain wane also. Behold! The darkness that is to come is filled with hatred for us, but it hates you no less. The Great Sea will not be too wide for its wings, if it is suffered to come to full growth. Manwë keep you under the One, and send fair wind to your sails" (p. 200, Unfinished Tales).

Meneldur was greatly troubled. Seeing clearly how his strained relationship with his son had kept him from inquiring about the details of Aldarion's many voyages. "'May Eru call me before such a time comes!'" (p. 200, Unfinished Tales). Meneldur labored greatly at what to do. Should he prepare for war and send aid? Should he ban all voyages to Middle-earth and simply wait? To train for war he feared his captains would wreak havoc for power and glory on the peoples of Middle-earth. "'Will they say to Eru: At least your enemies were amongst them?'" (p. 201, Unfinished Tales). The other option meant waiting and letting friends die while risking a great enemy come upon Númenor with no chance at defense. "'Will they say to Eru: At least I spilled no blood'" (p. 201, Unfinished Tales). Ultimately Meneldur decided these things were too lofty for him (for he has never liked sailing nor been to Middle-earth) and his choice is to hand the Sceptre to Aldarion and make him King.

I love the philosophical approach Meneldur takes here. This is no easy question. To go to war or not. How does one answer to God? "Yes, I killed and destroyed innocent people but those who were oppressing died also" verses "Yes, I let suffering and oppression run unchecked but at least my hands are clean from spilling blood". Perhaps that's the essence of what Tolkien is getting at here: There are no innocent and clean hands when it comes to war. He would know better than I seeing first hand the horrors that war bring. 

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 882

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 198-201

Aldarion's Return to Númenor

As time wore on and Ancalimë grew Aldarion still did not return. One summer she met a boy named Îbal (and she had seldom seen men). Zamîn, an older country woman who served in Erendis' house, chased the boy away and explained to Ancalimë who/what he was. "'They're breakers and eaters, mostly'" (p. 194, Unfinished Tales). Funny. Zamîn was not one to be intimidated by Eerendis' coldness. She explained to Ancalimë that the Îbal's father had set sail with Aldarion, her father. This spurred many questions that the girl asked of her mother but quickly found out that was a touchy subject. Ancailmë never brought Aldarion up again.

When Ancalimë was nine years old Aldarion finally returned. She was four when he promised Erendis he would be away only two years. No one greeted Aldarion at the harbour and he found his home in Armenelos shut and was greeted coldly by Meneldur. Aldarion spoke briefly of the changes in Middle-earth; how fear was creeping in. But the King would not hear it told in full until Aldarion first went to his family. "'Let a King first rule well his own house ere he correct others', it is said. It is true of all men'" (p. 196, Unfinished Tales). And Aldarion learned from his father that his wife and daughter resided in Emerië.

Aldarion travelled to Emerië with Îbal's father and found it most unwelcoming. Erendis reminded him he was over late, would not house his companion, did not join him for his meal, and had a guest bed prepared for him. Being exhausted he slept deeply but arose in the morning full of anger. He meant to leave unnoticed and summon Erendis and Ancalimë to Armenelos at a later time. But Erendis had not slept that night and awaited him so he could not slip out. She asked him what business he had for coming if he was to leave so soon. "'I was told in Armenelos that my wife was here, and had removed my daughter hither,' he answered. 'As to the wife I am mistaken, it seems, but have I not a daughter?'" (p. 197, Unfinished Tales). Ouch.

Not wanting to incur the wrath of the King she roused her daughter as Aldarion made preparations to leave. She did not recognize her father and he did not yet reveal his identity to her. Rather he reminded her that she was the child of the King's Heir and that one day she would be Heir herself. And he kissed her hand and rode away comforted seeing his child in Ancalimë despite the years of influence by Erendis. He did not ride back to Armenelos as he departed and Erendis noted this.

"Then she wept, from grief, but still more from anger. She had looked for some penitence, that she might extend after rebuke pardon if prayed for; but he had dealt with her as if she were the offender, and ignored her before her daughter. Too late she remembered the words of Núneth long before, and she saw Aldarion now as something large and not to be tamed, driven by a fierce will, more perilous when chill. She rose, turned from the window, thinking of her wrongs. 'Perilous!' she said. 'I am steel hard to break. So he would find even were he the King of Númenor!'" (p. 198, Unfinished Tales). It seems at this point it seems both have hardened their hearts toward each other beyond repair. She tries to control him; make him what she thinks he should be. He acts selfishly thinking more about his desire to journey on the seas than his wife and daughter. She responds with harsh words and actions. He ends with stonewalling and silence. All the while hearts harden. The way of many relationships and not just in Middle-earth.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 881-882

Today's reading comes from: Unfnished Tales, pages 194-198

Hardened Hearts

When Ancalimë was almost four Aladarion revealed to Erendis his intention to sail, once again, to Middle-earth. She said nothing though she was not surprised. "He tarried until the birthday of Ancalimë, and made much of her that day" (p. 191, Unfinished Tales). And although his daughter was full of joy the household was not. After her birthday Aldarion left for a while to make final preparations. He came back to bid his wife and daughter farewell and Erendis could not hold back her tears. "They grieved him, and yet irked him, for his mind was resolved and he hardened his heart" (p. 191-192, Unfinished Tales).

Aldarion spoke harsh words to his wife. Erendis responded that he taken so much time from her plus he still had no heir because her bed was lonely and cold. He responded: "'Often of late I have thought that you preferred it so'" (p. 192, Unfinished Tales). Ouch! There is never a good time for unresolved conflict to come out. It's not pretty. I know from firsthand experience. Ultimately Aldarion promised he would be gone for only two years. The next morning, after kissing Ancalimë (who would not let go of him) he set off. And Erendis did see Aldarion off nor did she send a bough of return.

"All that day Erendis sat in her chamber alone, grieving; but deeper in her heart she felt a new pain of cold anger, and her love of Aldarion was wounded to the quick" (p. 192, Unfinished Tales). And thus the seeds of destruction to a marriage are sown. She moved, with her daughter, to Emerië, the pasturelands in the midst of Númenor away from the Sea. Two special songbirds, wedding gifts of the Elves of Erressëa, followed her there but she shooed them away. Immediately they stopped singing, circled above her three times and headed west stopping long enough only for Núneth, Erendis' mother, to see them. She knew that Aldarion had left for the Sea and Erendis had hardened her heart.

Two years passed and King Meneldur ordered Erendis to prepare Aldarion's house in Armenelos to be ready for his return. She had the house readied by her servants but she herself did not go to Armenelos. But the year passed and the next. "The Erendis grew hard and silent" (p. 193, Unfinished Tales). She gave what love she had to her daughter only and yet sheltered her from contact with all men. She did teach Ancalimë how to read and write, especially in the Elven tongue, but little would Erendis speak in Númenórean, her husband's preferred language. Ancalimë on occasion would run free throughout the land learning from a shepherdess or servant of their house who did not fear Erendis.

This is a sad reading. I can resonate with it, to some degree, unfortunately. Marriage is hard. It's simply not feelings of love and happiness all the time. And yet love is a choice and not a feeling so even if the relationship is hard marriages survive by acts of will not fleeting feelings. Still, I pray that my heart never hardens to the point of Erendis and Aldarion.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 877-881

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 191-194

Birth of Ancalimë

After their marriage Aldarion and Erendis toured Numenor for feasts and celebrations. Upon the last feast a ship came from the west with Elves who visited Numenor from time to time. "Thus the Eldar graced the wedding of Erendis, for the love of the people of the Westlands, who were closest in their friendship" (p. 189, Unfinished Tales). And the Elves brought gifts and singers who remembered the songs of Norgothrond and Gondolin so long ago. "To Aldarion they gave a sapling tree, whose bark was snow-white, and its stem straight, strong and pliant as it were of steel; but it was not yet in leaf" (p. 189, Unfinished Tales). To Erendis they gave two singing birds who mated for life and would always be by her side and sing if she kept them free. And so it was as she never caged them and they stayed on her window sill.

Two years after their marriage Erendis gave birth to Ancalimë, a daughter. Erendis was glad thinking Aldarion would stay on land even longer wishing for a son as heir to his throne. She feared he would set sail again and with jealous eyes watched whenever he took company with the Venturers. Aldarion was fully devoted to forestry and now the timber supplies in Númenor were great and he truly was master of the forest. "Yet to many beside Erendis it seemed that he had little love for the trees in themselves, caring for them rather as timber that would serve his designs" (p. 191, Unfinished Tales). And Erendis' fears were not contrived as before long Aldarion turned his attention to shipbuilding to make the largest ship yet known to Númenor.

And in a playful tone she said, "'What is all this busyness with ships, Lord of the Havens? Have we not enough? How many fair trees have been cut short their lives this year?'" (p. 191, Unfinished Tales). He replied that he had work to do and more trees were ever planted than cut. "He spoke also in light tone, but he did not look her in the face; and they did not speak again of these matters" (p. 191, Unfinished Tales).

Obviously tension is mounting in this young marriage. Tension that was present before any betrothal even. Erendis is wishing to control her husband; thinking that not having a son would stay his mariner heart, watching jealously whenever he met with other mariners, and speaking "playfully" about his work with ships. And we have already seen in Aldarion, like many men, that when another will is forced upon his own he reacts poorly. I am thoroughly impressed by the authenticity to reality Tolkien has when chronicling this relationship. This is real relational fabric and not a story of lust or fairy-tale romance. And this is precisely why I've always like Tolkien's writing, though fantasy, it is grounded in more reality than most stories.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 870-873

Today's reading comes from: Unfnished Tales, pages 188-191

Aldarion and Erendis Betrothed, part two

As many rejoiced at the engagement of Aldarion and Erendis the Guild of Venturers were discontent as their captain was now land-bound going on for the last 15 years. He even had, for a time, neglected the forests but eventually at the Venturers urging turned back to the husbandry of the forests. For a season Erendis would accompany Aldarion to the forests but soon that stopped as she could not stomach the sight of so many trees being chopped down.

Nearly three years had past since the betrothal which was the customary length of engagements in Númenor. In the spring Aldarion journeyed to Erendis' parents place where she proceeded him. During that travel he stopped to look at the Sea. "The suddenly the sea-longing took him as though a great hand had been laid on his throat, and his heart hammered, and his breath stopped" (p. 185, Unfinished Tales). He finished his journey and appeared merry when meeting Erendis but he did not speak of their wedding. And often he would fall silent in the company of others yet he said nothing of the sea-longing to her.

The year past and Aldarion still did not speak of the wedding or the Sea. Finally, King Meneldur called his son and asked him why the wedding had not yet been planned. At long last Aldarion revealed his heart to sail again. At this his father was not pleased but was more taken by pity. "'And by the laws of Númenor and the right ways of the Eldar and Edain a man shall have not two wives. You cannot wed the Sea, for you are affianced to Erendis'" (p. 186, Unfinished Tales). As an aside, monogamy works for the Elves and Men of Middle-earth. Love it. Beyond that, very sage advice from father to son I think.

Alas, Aldarion only hardened his heart at his father's words thinking the King and Erendis were in conspiracy against him. Whenever he felt people imposing their will on him Aldarion was wont to do the very opposite. Aldarion pointed out that smithy's and miner's may carry on with their profession when betrothed and futhermore he had years to spare. His father reminded him that he was the heir of the King and that sailing was not his profession and that Erendis was from a different line than he and her years were shorter.

Aldarion, determined, went to Erendis to tell her of his journey. She was heartbroken that he had not come about their wedding. Seeing her anguish Aldarion offered to take her with him on the journey but she refused saying she would die on the Sea. "'The Sea hates me; and now it is revenged that I kept you from it and yet fled from you. Go, my lord! But have pity, and take not so many years as I lost before'" (p. 187, Unfinished Tales). Aldarion realized his father and fiancé had not conspired together and waited a year but could no longer contain himself. He prepared for journey, to the joy of the Venturers, and Erendis placed the bough of return on the ship herself and hid her tears. Aldarion was gone at sea for six long years.

Upon his return his mother was ill-pleased and the Venturers were fallen out of esteem for nearly everyone thought he had treated Erendis poorly. Upon his journey Aldarion was also laid with heavy burdens. "Men near the coasts were growing afraid of the Númenóreans, or were become openly hostile; and Aldarion heard rumours of some lord in Middle-earth who hated the men of the ships" (p. 188, Unfinished Tales). And the winds were against his ships on the return voyage taking them north into the frozen regions and when finally he saw Meneltarma from far off he noticed the bough of return had withered. Such a thing had never happened before. And he feared it a sign of what he might face.

Erendis did not come to greet him. When Aldarion found her she did seem eager to hear tales told of all his adventures. Upon hearing them, and Aladrion spoke uneasily, she thanked the Valar for his safe return and reaffirmed her death would have been assured had she went with him in the cold waters. At this Aldarion asked if her love had withered like the bough and she assured him it had not for she saw his return as the return of the sun after a long winter. And Aldarion wished that spring and summer would begin. "'And let not winter return,' said Erendis" (p. 188, Unfinished Tales). And to the joy of the King and Queen their wedding was set for the next spring.

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 858-869

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, 185-188

Aldarion and Erendis Betrothed, part one

Aldarion who was surveying the forests of Númenor ran into Erendis. She still wore the diamond he had brought back for her. He remembered his love for her and realized how empty his life had been without her. She was startled to see him and wished to flee but he caught her. He asked for her forgiveness and together they rode by horseback to her father's house where he explained his desire for betrothal. Now it was Erendis' turn to be hesitant. "Her love for him was not lessened, nor did she retreat out of guile; but she feared now in her heart that in the war between herself and the Sea for the keeping of Aldarion she would not conquer" (p. 182, Unfinished Tales).

Aldarion focused solely on wooing and pursuing her forsaking all other responsibilities. She finally accompanied him to a feast honoring the 100th anniversary of the Guild of Venturers, which Aldarion founded, and she toured on ship with him. Yet her heart was still mistrusting as he began to focus once again on the ship havens. Before giving her answer she wished that he would travel with her, "'...will you not journey with me ashore, to the places I love? You know too little of this land, for one who shall be its King" (p. 182, Unfinished Tales). That's the second time someone has said that to Aldarion.

Together they went to Emerië where pastures and sheep-herding was the norm. Erendis made it clear this is where she felt most comfortable with little coincidence that it lay far from the Sea. There they had a tense conversation where she made it clear she had no intention of sharing him with the Sea and it ended silence and they parted company for a while. Her mother was grieved at this interaction noting Erendis was "all or nothing" (p. 183, Unfinished Tale). She went on with a very interesting piece of advice: "'A woman must share her husband's love with his work and the fire of his spirit, or make him a thing not loveable" (p. 183, Unfinished Tales).

I found this to be very profound. I think since the fall of Man in the Garden of Eden part of the curse was that women would want to control the men in their lives. Before the fallout of that statement is too great I do think there are legitimate desires (security, love, etc) that have been twisted in to something ungodly (manipulation, control) by sin. Here is Erendis' mother, Núneth, warning her daughter against trying to control the man she loves. I don't think this is advice to be a doormat type but a knowledge that to intentionally change a man will ultimately make him into something you do not love. In essence to take away, as John Eldridge would say, his wildness at heart is to take away his masculinity. And I would venture to say most women, if they choose to love a man, do not dream of loving one who is passive, timid, and weak.

Queen Almarion learned of what happened and together with Nuneth persuaded Erendis to once again join the Queen's court. And during the festival of Erukyermë together the couple lingered on Meneltarma looking over the land and not speaking (as was custom on the holy mountain). On the way down though they began to speak about the land and its gifts. Aldarion believed gifts should not be hoarded and yet looked out for because of the future. Erendis responded, "'Such gifts as come from the Valar, and through them from the One, are to be loved for themselves now, and in all nows" (p. 184, Unfinished Tales). Again, profound words. I love her perspective of enjoying gifts in the present and knowing where they come from. I want to be thankful to God for the gifts He has given and enjoy them in the present. For example, enjoy my children right now present tense and not with half a mind on chores that need to be done, taxes that need to be done, or blogging about J.R.R. Tolkien.

To drive home her point she asked if Aldarion thought she should simply trade the diamond he gave her for more goods with an eye to the future. He gave a resounding no and acknowledged that by her wearing it she wasn't hoarding it and he kissed her forehead "...and in that moment she put aside fear, and accepted him; and their troth was plighted upon the steep path of Meneltarma" (p. 184, Unfinished Tales). And only the diamond, now fitted upon her brow (and she now known as the Lady of the Star-brow), was her desired betrothal gift. 

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 843-858

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 181-185

Happenings in Middle-earth During Aldarion's Journey

Galadriel and Celeborn built the chief city, Ost-in-Edhil, in Eregion. This caused great concern to Sauron. News also came to Sauron's ears about the coming of the Númenórean's to Middle-earth and their friendship with Gil-galad. "...he heard tell also of Aldarion, son of Tar-Meneldur the King of Númenor, who brought his vessels to haven far down into the Harad" (p. 236, Unfinished Tales).

Aldarion had travelled along the coasts of Middle-earth and harbored at the Gwathló River to fell trees for their building of ships. There were many native and war-like peoples there who were scattered and leaderless. "They were in awe of the Númenóreans, but they did not become hostile until the tree-felling became devastating. Then they attacked and ambushed the Númenóreans when they could, and the Númenóreans treated them as enemies, and became ruthless in their feelings, giving no thought to husbandry or replanting" (p. 262, Unfinished Tales).

But the Númenóreans only travelled so far inland because a remnant on the Druedain resided in that area and they were called Pukel-men..."a secret and fell people, tireless and silent hunters, using poisoned darts" (p. 383, Unfinished Tales). For they resided on both sides of the White Mountains in the First Age. "When the occupations of the coastlands by the Númenóreans began in the Second Age they survived in the mountains of the promontory [of Andrast] which was never occupied by the Númenóreans. Another remnant survived at the eastern end of the range [in Anorien]" (p. 384, Unfinished Tales). And it was this latter remnant that would survive into the Third Age.

"The devastation wrought by the Númenóreans was incalculable" (p. 263, Unfinished Tales). What was originally known as the Gwathir, the River of Shadow, due to the forest on either side of the banks was now like desert as all the trees were felled. Sauron used this to his advantage stirring up hope in the natives of the land and using them as servants in his future attacks. Later the name of the river was changed to Gwathló known later in Adunaic translation as Agathurush.

Well, there are two sides to every story, yes? We knew from the last post Aldarion brought back timber from Middle-earth on one of his voyages. Although some of what I posted here chronicles later devastation by the Númenóreans its clear the practice was started by Aldarion to the detriment of the land and people of Middle-earth. As Sauron would eventually choose Mordor as his stronghold against the Númenórean landings and stir up the leaderless peoples to his own service. Indeed, our actions can have far reaching implications. 

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 800-843

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, page 236; Unfinished Tales, pages 262-263; Unfinished Tales, pages 383-384; Unfinished Tales, page 263

Father and Son Estranged

Around 800 Second Age Tar-Meneldur named Aldarion the King's Heir and commanded him to stay in Númenor. Aldarion was then 100 years old and was given the title Lord of the Ships and Havens of Númenor. At the celebratory feast Erendis from the western portion of Númenor came and she was captivated by Aldarion. "Erendis looked upon Aldarion as he rode by, and for his beauty and splendor of bearing she had eyes for little else" (p. 177, Unfinished Tales). Queen Almarion, Aldarion's mother, saw her beauty and allowed her to enter into her service.

Aldarion meanwhile had not romantic aspirations and focused solely on the husbandry of foresting so that timber would not lack in Númenor. Eventually he asked to sail again and his father begrudgingly let him go. Queen Almarion and her court came to bid him farewell and Aldarion first laid eyes on Erendis and his interest was piqued. Both mother and father urged him to stay in Númenor and seek for a wife but Aldarion refused saying, "...mariners are men of two minds, at war with themselves; and the desire of the Sea still holds me" (p. 177, Unfinished Tales). Erendis heard his words and turned her heart wholly toward him: "Yet she looked on no man with favor thereafter, and every suitor she dismissed" (p. 177, Unfinished Tales). I like the burgeoning romance here. Aldarion has great self-awareness knowing he cannot devote himself fully to a wife at this time.

For seven years Aldarion voyaged and Meneldur was displeased when his son returned. He rebuked him for shirking his duties as heir (to know and love his land and people), not seeking a wife, and taking for granted the grace of the Valar for protecting his ships. Aldarion said in return: "'Other things I have to do more urgent for me, for my mind is bent on them. 'Cold is the life of a mariner's wife'; and the mariner who is single of purpose and not tied to the shore goes further, and learns better how to deal with the sea" (p. 178, Unfinished Tales). This reminds me of Paul talking to the church in Corinth about the concerns of the married and unmarried.

For a time Aldarion dwelled in Númenor and built the largest ship yet, Palarran, the Far-Wanderer. Yet he often met with Erendis during this time and the King was pleased. Meneldur was concerned for Erendis' heart since his son was not cured from the sea. Once Palarran was built Aldarion was set to leave again and now Meneldur was stirred to wrath. The Númenórean's had custom that a woman, typically from the captain's kin, would place the Bough of Return on the ship's prow as a token of friendship to Uinen and Ossë. Meneldur did not stay Aldarion but he did forbid the Queen from placing the bough on his ship. At this Erendis offered to go in her stead and arrived as Aldarion was ready to leave with blessing or not (which made his crew very nervous). He was shocked to see Erendis arrive and she made it known that she came for the Queen but she herself looked forward to his return. "At that time Aldarion first looked on Erendis with love; and he stood long in the stern looking back as the Palarran passed out to sea" (p. 179, Unfinished Tales).

Upon his return Aldarion bore a gift, a diamond, for Erendis. He father was not happy. "Cold now were the greetings between King and his son; and Meneldur rebuked him, saying that such a gift was unbecoming of the King's Heir unless it were a betrothal gift, and he demanded that Aldarion declare his mind" (p. 179, Unfinished Tales). At this Aldarion distanced himself from Erendis (for he did not like others to impose their will on him) and prepared for another journey to Middle-earth. Meneldur publicly forbade him to go. in defiance of the King Aldarion left with seven ships and the Venturers. Upon leaving a cloaked woman came with a bough saying it was from the Lady of the Westlands (Erendis).

Meneldur then rescinded Aldarion's title as Lord of Ships and Havens and closed all the shipyards, and put a stop to all felling of trees for shipbuilding. It was five years before Aldarion returned with news, ships, and lots of timber from Middle-earth. He was full of wrath at the actions of his father. "'Has not a King's son aught to do but study women's faces to find a wife? The work of forestry I took up, and I have been prudent in it; there will be more timber in Númenor ere my day ends than there is under your scepter" (p. 180, Unfinished Tales). Gathering three ships he left immediately without bough or blessing this time as the King set a guard around the harbor.

When Aldarion was gone for another 10 years Erendis asked for leave in the Queen's court fearing his death or decision to reside in Middle-earth and also wishing to escape various courters. Four years from that point Aldarion finally returned in a battered and broken vessel. Meneldur rebuked him for his rebellion and forsaking the Valar but seeing his son's contrition restored his previous title as Lord of Ships and added Master of the Forests. Aldarion was sad to see Erendis was gone but too proud to go after her. Rather he busied himself in the tending of forests and repairing of harbors for it had been nearly twenty years and much was done with out foresight.

I love this story. The interaction between father and son. Son and romantic interest. It's full of great realistic relational tensions. I think one thing that stands in Aldarion's way is he is not being forthright about everything on his mind. He is carrying burdens to great for one man and his prideful refusal to seek the help of others is creating this tension in his relationships. 

Middle-earth timeline: Second Age, 800-843

Today's reading comes from: Unfinished Tales, pages 176-181