Turgon, Húrin, and Huor

With Morgoth's victory in Dagor Bragollach Hador's folk (the People of Marach) were shut in Hithlum and Bëor's house was nearly wiped out. With Orcs holding key passages into Beleriand the fighting finally found the People of Haleth in the woods of Brethil. They defended the their beloved woods well. Halmir sent word to Thingol the Orcs had invaded the land for Brethil lay on the boundaries of Doriath. He responded by sending out his chief marchwarden (one of my favorite characters) Beleg Strongbow. Beleg's elves and Halmir's men handily defeated the Orcs. The People of Haleth continued their watch of the borders allowing Nargothrond to muster its strength.

Húrin and Huor, of the house of Marach, were dwelling with Halidir of the Haladin (Folk of Haleth) at this time. "In the days before Dagor Bragollach those two houses of the Edain were joined at a great feast, when Galdor and Glóredhel the children of Hador Goldenhead were wedded to Hareth and Haldir children of Halmir lord of the Haladin" (p. 158, The Silmarillion). Húrin and Huor went to battle with the Orcs being only 16 and 13 at the time. The brothers were cut off in the fighting and if not for the powers of Ulmo in the water of Sirion they would have been captured by Orcs. The brothers were lost and Thorondor saw them and sent eagles to rescue them. The eagles carried Hurin and Huor to the hidden city of Gondolin in the Encircling Mountains.

Turgon received them well being warned in dreams from Ulmo that woe was coming and help also from the house of Hador. They stayed in Gondolin for nearly a year learning Elven lore along with some purposes of the King. For Turgon loved them and wished them to stay in Gondolin out of love and not because it was the law of the land. Hurin and Huor wished to return to their people because their days were short. They did not know the road to Gondolin because in mercy their eyes were veiled with the eagles brought them. Turgon relented insisting only that they leave the same way they came so they could not come back.

Maeglin told Húrin, "'The King's grace is greater than you know, and the law is become less stern aforetime; or else no choice would be give you but to abide here to your life's end'" (p. 159, The Silmarillion). Maeglin did not love the brothers in the least given their favor with Turgon. Húrin assured Maeglin (unaware of his malice I think) that they would not betray the King's grace. So they left by way of eagle and their kin were overjoyed at their return knowing only that they had been cut off in fighting a year earlier.

Many questions were raised as the brothers returned to Dor-Lómin in good (if not better) health and clothed with fine clothes and weapons. Their father Galdor questioned where they had been in the past year to which Húrin replied, "'Be content that we have returned; for only under an oath of silence was this permitted'" (p. 159, The Silmarillion). Still many guessed their fate and their strange tale found the ears of Morgoth.

I like the idea of the brothers receiving the King's grace and vowing not to betray it. I wish I was as steadfast with King Jesus' grace. I can easily betray or abuse it. And Húrin, we shall see, will face bitter consequences for not betraying that grace. Whereas in my life the consequences come from betraying that grace.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age 458-459
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 157-159
Relevant map: Beleriand

After Dagor Bragollach

Turgon learned of Dagor Bragollach but did not allow his people to go to war. Though Gondolin was strong he did not think the time was right to reveal that strength. He did send some of the Gondolindrim secretely to the Isle of Balar for he saw the downfall of the Noldor in the breaking of the Siege of Angband. There his servants built ships and attempted to sail to Valinor to seek pardon and aid from the Valar. None found their way.

For two years after Dagor Bragollach the Noldor still held the western passes of the Sirion River because of the power of Ulmo that remained in the waters. Eventually Morgoth's chief lieutenant, Sauron, attacked Minis Tirith and took it. "Sauron was become now a sorcerer of dreadful power, master of shadows and of phantoms, foul in wisdom, cruel in strength, misshaping what he touched, twisting what he ruled, lord of werewolves; his dominion was torment" (p. 156, The Silmarillion). In Sauron's possession the stronghold became known as the Isle of Werewolves.

As Morgoth's victories continued Orcs went further abroad and pursued their enemies relentlessly. Holding the western passes he could now search the woods of Beleriand. He sent his spies across the land to spread fear and lies. And because of the Kinslaying long ago the lies were too readily believed and the Elves began to doubt one another. Fear and despair reigned among the Noldor. They most feared their own kin who had been captured by Morgoth. Often he let captives free after their wills were chained to his own purposes by torture. Those that came out of Angband could not be trusted even those who truly won escape from Morgoth and they were forced to live as outlaws and exiles.

I like the background of Sauron that Tolkien gives. He is growing in power and will become the feared foe of Middle-earth in due time. I believe we are starting to see a major Tolkien theme fleshed out here: hope verses despair. Much of the backdrop of Middle-earth is bleak. Yet the truly memorable characters from this landscape are the ones who do not give up hope and continue to move forward. Indeed, what makes many of Tolkien's characters so accessible, be they Elves, Men, Hobbits, or Dwarves is that they know suffering just as you and I do.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 456-458
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 159 & 155-156

The Battle of Sudden Flame

Seeing the strength of Elves and Men Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor, turned his attention toward Angband wondering how it might be assailed. There were few that willingly listened to such counsel, least of all the sons of Fëanor, because they knew their losses would be great. So Fingolfin's thoughts were not acted upon. The long peace over the land was broken in 455. In the winter Morgoth's sent rivers of flame and lava down from his mountains burning many Noldor stronghold's and killing the inhabitants. Following the flames came Glaurung, now a full-grown dragon, with Balrog's and legions of Orcs in tow. Thus began Dagor Bragollach, The Battle of Sudden Flame. Many of the stoutest enemies of Morgoth were killed and scattered in the first dew days of fighting that would last through the spring. The Siege of Angband was broken.

Many Grey Elves fled altogether forsaking the war and entered into Thingol's service; strengthening his kingdom that remained guarded and by the Girdle of Melian. Others hid themselves in Ossiriand or even over the mountains. Angrod and Aegnor, the sons of Finarfin, who lived within sight of Angband were slain; along with them Bregolas, now lord of Bëor's people and many of his warriors were killed.
Barahir, Bregolas' brother was caught in the west fighting. There he met Finrod who was cut off from his people, surrounded, with only a small company. Finrod was facing certain death, "...but Barahir came up with the bravest of his men and rescued him, and made a wall of spears about him; and they cut their way out of the battle with great loss" (p. 152, The Silmarillion). Finrod was able to retreat to Nargothrond and swore abiding friendship to Barahir and all his kin. Finrod sealed this oath with his ring that he gave to Bregolas, the new lord of the House of Bëor.

The onslaught was so great that Fingolfin and Fingon could not aid Finarfin's sons. Hador, at age sixty-six, died protecting the rear guard of Fingolfin along with his son Gundor. Galdor the Tall took lordship of the people of Marach. Fingolfin found he was cut off from his kin. The sons of Feanor faired no better. Celegorm and Curufin were forced to flee finding refuge with Finrod in Nargothrond. Only Maedhros' stronghold at the Hill of Himring could not be taken as his spirit burned white-hot against the hosts of Morgoth after his tortured imprisonment. Maglor and Caranthir were assailed by Glaurang and forced to flee. Maglor joined Maedhros. Caranthir joined up with Amrod and Amras and were able to regroup a bit with the help of the Green Elves.

Upon hearing the news Fingolfin perceived the ruin of the Noldor. In a state of despaired rage he rode alone and undaunted to Angband. There he pounded on the doors and challenged Morgoth to one-on-one combat. It is said Morgorth did not go willingly but with all his servants watching he had no choice. "And he issued forth clad in black armour; and he stood before the King like a tower, iron-crowned, and his vast shield, sable unblazoned, cast a shadow over him like a stormclaud. But Fingolfin gleamed beneath it as a star; for his mail was overlaid with silver, and his blue shield was set with crystals, and he drew his sword Ringil, that glittered like ice" (p. 153, The Silmarillion).

An epic battle ensued with Fingolfin wounding Morgoth seven times but alas the Elf was no match for one who was once Valar. Weary from being crushed to his knees several times by Morgoth's mace Grond, the Hammer of the Underworld, Fingolfin fell on his back. Morgoth crushed his neck with his foot but not before Fingolfin hewed his foot. "Thus died Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor, most proud and valiant of the Elven-kings of old" (p. 154, The Silmarillion). Morgoth sought to desecrate the body but Thorondor, King of Eagles, rushed down marring Morgoth's face and taking Fingolfin's body. "Morgoth went ever halt of one foot after that day, and the pain of his wounds could not be healed; and in his face was the scar that Thorondor made" (p. 154, The Silmarillion). Fingon took lordship of the Noldor with the news of Fingolfin's death and sent his young son, Gil-Galad, to the Havens.

Barahir, being a valiant man would not flee Dorthonion and sought to contest Morgoth's host at every turn. Many of his people were pursued to death. In desperation Barahir's wife, Emeldir the Manhearted (for she wanted to fight not flee) led the women and children to safety in Brethil. Others went further to Galdor and among these were Rían daughter of Belegund and Morwen daughter Baragund. "But none ever saw again the men that they had left" (p. 155, The Silmarillion). At last there were only 12 who remained with Barahir. His son Beren, his nephews Belegund and Baragund (sons of Bregolas) and nine faithful servants: Radhruin, Dairuin, Dagnir, Ragnor, Gildor, Gorlim, Arthad, Urthel, and Hathaldir. "Outlaws without hope they became, a desperate band that could not escape and would not yield, for their dwellings were destroyed, and their wives and children captured, slain, or fled" (p. 155, The Silmarillion).

I am a sucker for these epic battles. There is something about standing tall against all odds like Fingolfin or seeing no hope of escape but not yielding like Barahir's outlaws. I will most likely never face a desperate situation as described in this reading (and Tolkien describes battles in a most lucid way). Yet, in the battles that wage in my heart, in the seemingly mundane tasks of life how will I respond? Perhaps I'll never escape my battles with pride, lust, selfisness, etc--but that does not mean I need to yield to them. May I, may you, push forward against all odds and never give up.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 455-456
Toady's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 150-155

Key Men

Hador Lorindol (Goldenhead), from the house of Malach went into the service of Fingolfin and was given reign over Dor-Lomin and his house only the Elvish tongue was spoken. . Hador's sister was Adanel. Hador became the mightiest of all the Edain at this time and his lineage were Men of renown.  He had two sons: Galdor and Gundor; the sons of Galdor were Hurin and Huor. Turin was Hurin's son and Tuor was Huor's son. Tuor was the father of Earendil the blessed.

Boromir the grandson of Bëor the Old was leader of the House of Bëor. His son was Bregor and his grandsons were Bregolas and Barahir. The sons' of Bregolas were Baragund and Belegund. Morwen was daughter of Baragund and mother of Turin. She was proud and stern. Rían was the daugher of Belegund and the mother of Tuor. She was of gentle spirit. Out of this line also came Men of renown. Barahir's son was Beren whose child was Elwing, wife of Earendil, and of whom would come all Kings of Numenor. Turin would be born in the year that Beren came to Doriath. But that story is not yet come as this post is mostly about important genealogies of Men caught in the Doom of the Noldor.

Hador's daughter (Gloredhel) and his son Galdor each married the respective son and daughter of Halmir, who was a lord of Brethil. These are the Folk of Haleth. It is interesting that The Silmarillion talks about Hador's two sons and The Children of Hurin speaks of a son and daughter. Galdor and Hareth had two sons: Hurin (3 years elder) and Huor. The brothers had much love for each other and were seldom separated in youth.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, circa 405-444
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 147-148 and The Children of Hurin, pages 33-34

The Fall of Man

Before I dive into the details of this post I think a little context will be helpful. As I am seeking to read chronologically through Tolkien's Middle-earth I am incorporating texts from unpublished materials. Books like Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth (of which there are 12 volumes!) contain writings of Tolkien that were unfinished, unpublished, and unused for various reasons. My last two posts detailed the conversation of Finrod of the Elves and Andreth who is human. In the midst of that conversation Andreth reveals that Men do not believe they were made for Death; however, she would say little regarding how Men's nature was changed. Tolkien wrote another account of this conversation were Andreth discusses in detail the changed nature of Men or perhaps better said the Fall of Man. It's noted that Tolkien abandoned this explanation feeling it to be a parody of Christianity.

Being urged by Finrod Andreth recounted the Fall of Man which came to her from her kinswoman Adanel of the People of Marach. "'Some say the Disaster happened at the beginning of the history of our people, before any had yet died. The Voice had spoken to us, and we had listened. The Voice said: 'Ye are my children. I have sent you to dwell here. In time ye will inherit all this Earth, but first ye must be children and learn. Call on me and I shall hear; I am watching over you'" (p. 345, Morgoth's Ring). As Men made words they often called on the Voice and it responded but seldom answered their questions: "'First seek to find the answer yourselves. For ye will have joy in the finding, and so grow from childhood and become wise. Do not seek to leave childhood before your time'" (p. 345-46, Morgoth's Ring). But people are restless and hasty and spoke less to the Voice.

"'Then one appeared among us, in our own form visible, but greater and more beautiful; and he said that he had come out of pity. 'Ye should not have been left alone and uninstructed,' he said'" (p. 346, Morgoth's Ring). This new voice, accompanied by visible features such as beauty and adorned with a jewel enhanced crown, offered to teach Men many things that would make their lives more abundant and easy. "'I am the Giver of Gifts,' he said; 'and the gifts shall never fail as long as ye trust me'" (p. 346, Morgoth's Ring). So Men adopted this teacher and became dependent on him. It seemed that all he taught was good, in the beginning at least. But in increasing measure who spoke of the devouring Dark. "'Greatest of all is the Dark,' he said, 'for it has no bounds. I came out of the Dark, but I am its master'" (p. 346, Morgoth's Ring). The teacher implied only he could rescue Man from the Dark.

It was at this time people told the teacher about the Voice. "'But his face became terrible; for he was angry. 'Fools!' he said. 'That was the Voice of the Dark. It wishes to keep you from me; for It is hungry for you'" (p. 346, Morgoth's Ring). To the dismay of Men the teacher left for a long time. As life grew more difficulty and the gifts ceased Men became afraid. An eclipse came sending panic among all when the teacher returned rebuking them for some still believed in the Voice. That day the teacher gave them a choice to serve the Voice of the Dark or himself. And then the Fall:

"'Then in fear we spoke as he commanded, saying: "Thou art the Lord; Thee only we will serve. The Voice we abjure and will not hearken to it again.' 'So be it!' he said. 'Now build Me a house upon a high place, and call it the House of the Lord. Thither will I come when I will. There ye shall call on Me and make your petitions to Me'" (p. 347, Morgoth's Ring). The house was built and Men bowed down to their new lord claiming him to be the One Great. In fire and flame this new lord left the house. Seldom he came back, even when Men called upon him, and when he did he demanded gifts from them or commanded deeds be done. "'The first Voice we never heard again, save once. In the stillness of the night It spoke, saying: 'Ye have abjured Me, but ye remain Mine. I gave you life. Now it shall be shortened, and each of you in a little while shall come to Me, to learn who is your Lord: the one ye worship, or I who made him'" (p. 347, Morgoth's Ring).

Then the Darkness increased and Men started to die. They called upon the teacher, the Giver of Gifts, but he did not answer. At long last he came with proud disposition saying to Men: "'I do not trouble that some of you should die and go to appease the hunger of the Dark; for otherwise there would soon be too many of you, crawling like lice on the Earth. But if ye do not do My will, ye will feel My anger, and ye will die sooner, for I will slay you'" (p. 348, Morgoth's Ring). Indeed, it seemed that Men did begin to die sooner, from various afflictions at that time. It is told that Men did his bidding, no matter how evil it be, to appease him but still they were afflicted. To the strongest and most cruel of Men their lord gave secret knowledge, gifts, and respite, so that they lorded it over and enslaved other Men.

It was in this time that some Men stood against this tyranny saying: "'Now we know at last who lied, and who desired to devour us. Not the first Voice. It is the Master that we have taken who is the Darkness; and he did not come forth from it, as he said, but he dwells in it. We will serve him no longer! He is our Enemy!'" (p. 348, Morgoth's Ring). Fearful that these comments would anger their Dark Lord some of the people killed them on the spot. Those that fled were hunted and taken to the high place to be burned alive. But there were some who escaped hoping to flee the shadow and perhaps to find the Voice again.

Wow. Tolkien's son Christopher noted that he did not know what his father meant by this story being a parody of Christianity. I can certainly see parallels and perhaps that's why it was not included. Particularly how Morgoth comes in, parading to be an angel of light, a Giver of Gifts, and distorting the words of the Voice as Satan did in the Garden of Eden. I can see parallels in this story to the Christian story of Morgoth's reckless hate for Men who listen to the Voice like the Biblical Enemy Satan hates those who follow Jesus. But the story is not the same and I certainly don't read it as a parody of the Christian faith. Regardless, this adds a whole other dimension when reading The Silmarillion when it's casually mentioned that Men began migrating West to flee from the darkness. This is tough stuff. The depravity of Man in Middle-earth is perilously close to the depravity of Man in this world.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age 409 (Being in the context of the debate of Finrod and Andreth)
Today's reading comes from: Morgoth's Ring, pages 345-349

The Debate of Finrod and Andreth, continued

The continuance of Athrabeth Finrod Ah Andreth. Finrod felt that Men should see Death as a release, a going home, so to speak. Andreth still could not view Death in this way; she felt that this disharmony (that the body dies and the spirit lives on) was unnatural. Men had only thought of their bodies and spirits dwelling ever together in joy. This sparked a new thought, tidings of great joy, in the mind of Finrod: "'This then, I propound, was the errand of Men, not the followers, but the heirs and fulfillers of all: to heal the Marring of Arda, already foreshadowed before their devising; and to do more, as agents of the magnificence of Eru: to enlarge the Music and surpass the Vision of the World! For that Arda Healed shall not be Arda Unmarred, but a third thing and a greater, and yet the same'" (p. 318, Morgoth's Ring). For refresher purposes Arda and Middle-earth are synonymous.

He spoke on about how the Valar, mighty as they are, did not know the End of the Song they had sung in the beginning. Seeing how Eru is free since He is the One Finrod thought that he could have unrevealed plans yet for Arda. Andreth asked about, as she coined it, the supreme moment of Eru. Finrod described the image of Arda Remade that formed in his mind when Andreth spoke of the body and spirit living together. Since Arda would be Remade, through Eru's redemption of Man, the Elves would not end, since they are confined to Middle-earth, and they would spend eternity walking the hills and singing to Men, their deliverers. Andreth asked what they would sing which made Finrod laugh. His best guess would be the songs of Arda before Men came to be: of great deeds such as the making of the Silmarils. Still Andreth said "'We look for no Arda Remade: darkness lies before us, into which we stare in vain'" (p. 320, Morgoth's Ring). To which Finrod asked a very important question: "'Have ye then no hope?'" (p. 320, Morgoth's Ring).

I think this is a fundamental question to humanity and not just in Middle-earth. What is our hope? Your hope and mine? Is that hope worthy of placing one's faith into? Finrod and Andreth's discussion of hope is the most applicable aspect of their debate for me. "'What is hope?' she said. 'An expectation of good, which though uncertain has some foundation in what is known? Then we have none.' 'That is one thing that Men call "hope",' said Finrod. 'Amdir we call it, "looking up". But there is another which is founded deeper. Estel we call it, that is "trust". It is not defeated by the ways of the world, for it does not come from experience, but from our nature and first being. If we are indeed the Eruhin, the Children of the One, then He will not suffer Himself to be deprived of His own, not by any Enemy, not even by ourselves. This is the last foundation of Estel, which we keep even when we contemplate the End: of all His designs the issue must be for His Children's joy'" (p. 320, Morgoth's Ring).

Andreth felt that Men had been cast off forever by Eru and therefore Estel did not have a place among them which greatly distressed Finrod. He felt she confused the matter of what hope actually was by seeing akin to a dream while waking reality more certain. She conceded to Finrod that there were those among Men of the Old Hope and he wanted to know more about them. "'They say' answered Andreth: 'they say that the One will himself enter Arda, and heal Men and all the Marring from the beginning to the end'" (p. 321, Morgoth's Ring). Andreth did not count herself among those of the Old Hope. For she, and many, saw the world as fight between Light and Dark (with Manwë and Melkor equally powerful in the struggle). Whereas Eru may be more powerful but He does not reside in Middle-earth therefore He is like a king who leaves his realm in the hands of stewards. In this case, Andreth implied, it was not known which steward would win the kingdom. Finrod felt that her words were tinged by lies of Morgoth: "'But which, think you, is more likely to lie: those who make themselves humble, or he that exalts himself?'" (p. 321, Morgoth's Ring).

Andreth then asked how it could be that Eru could enter into that which He created, that which is He is far greater than? "'He is already in it, as well as outside,' said Finrod" (p. 322, Morgoth's Ring). Still Andreth was confused for the Old Hope stated that Eru would enter into Middle-earth and it seemed to her that would utterly destroy the world being greater. Finrod responded: "'But such words may not be used of the Measureless. If Eru wished to do this, I do not doubt that He would find a way, though I cannot foresee it. For, as it seems to me, even if He in Himself were to enter in, He must still remain also as He is: the Author without. And yet, Andreth, to speak with humility, I cannot conceive how else this healing could be achieved. Since Eru will surely not suffer Melkor to turn the world to his own will and triumph in the end. Yet there is no power conceivable greater than Melkor save Eru only. Therefore, Eru, if He will not relinquish his work to Melkor, who must else proceed to mastery, then Eru must come in to conquer him. More: even if Melkor (or the Morgoth that he has become) could in any way be thrown down or thrust from Arda, still his Shadow would remain, and the evil that he has wrought and sown as seed would wax and multiply. And if any remedy for this is to be found, ere all is ended, any new light to oppose the shadow, or any medicine for the wounds: then it must, I deem, come from without'" (p. 322, Morgoth's Ring).

Andreth asked Finrod if he was ready to believe in that Hope. He could not say yet for now ideas like this had ever been given to the Elves; this message came to Men only. Indeed, Finrod felt that perhaps it was ordained for Men and Elves to meet to bring news to one another and thus find Hope that would span the gulf that divided the two races. This made Andreth wept. At this point the conversation changes to another topic not of eschatological nature. In the midst of this new conversation it's revealed why Andreth, at many times, was rather harsh during the debate. For Andreth loved Aegnor, Finrod's brother, and she felt her love was scorned: "'I was young and I looked on his flame, and now I am old and lost. He was young and his flame leaped towards me, but he turned away, and he is young still'" (p. 324, Morgoth's Ring). Finrod assured Andreth that Aegnor did love her and for her sake would take no other bride. This comforted her little as she wondered why Aegnor would not then take her to wife for a little time. Finrod's answer was because while close in nature, Elves and Men are not the same: "'...if any marraige can be between our kindred and thine, then it shall be for some high purpose of Doom. Brief it will be and hard at the end'" (p. 324, Morgoth's Ring).

Finrod revealed that he and his brother had little hope that the siege of Angband would long contain Morgoth and while peace lasted Aegnor was comforted by the memory of Andreth in her spring as he explained to her: "'...we (if not ye) would rather have a memory that is fair but unfinished than one that goes on to a grievous end'" (p. 325, Morgoth's Ring). As Finrod prepared to leave Andreth asked that he take a message to Aegnor; not to be reckless nor to seek danger. "'I will tell him,' said Finrod. 'But I might as well tell thee not to weep. He is a warrior, Andreth, and a spirit of wrath. In every stroke that he deals he sees the Enemy who long ago did thee this hurt'" (p. 325, Morgoth's Ring). There is so much good stuff in Athrabeth Finrod Ah Andreth that I can only skim the surface. I love the idea of Estel that was spoken of; how it is not defeated by the ways of the world but comes from deeper within. Plus Estel will be a very key character in the future of Middle-earth and he is a man not an Elf. As I quote liberally from the text each time I type Morgoth's Ring I am reminded, in this essay, that Middle-earth itself was his ring; as the One Ring is to Sauron. I think it was interesting how Finrod noted that even if Morgoth could be defeated and taken from Middle-earth the malice of his shadow would never be gone unless the One enters in and remakes the world.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 409
Today's reading comes from: Morgoth's Ring, pages 317-326

The Debate of Finrod and Andreth

Today's read was very exciting. It's really an eschatological essay concerning the fate of Men and Elves in the form of a debate. In the Elvish it is know as Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth. I am moved at the depth of Tolkien's sub-creation. As I read I can easily picture this conversation actually taking place lost in the annals of history. For Finrod and Andreth are debating what comes after death, that conversation has taken place times uncounted, and still to this very day.

As the Watchful Peace continued Finrod Felgund would often go and visit Men. He had great friendship with Andreth one of the Wise Women of the House of Beor. Furthermore another wise woman, Adanel from the House of Marach had married into her family so that Andreth learned much of their ancient lore as well. "...Finrod would often visit Andreth, whom he loved in great friendship, for he found her more ready to impart her knowledge to him that were most of the Wise among Men" (p. 305, Morgoth's Ring). At a time after Boron, Lord of the House of Beor died, Finrod struck up a conversation concerning the swift passing of Men.

When asked if Men were content in Beleriand Andreth responded: "'No heart of Man is content'" (p. 305, Morgoth's Ring). How true is that? She commented that since moving West the Shadow had been lifted, somewhat, from Men. Finrod inquired about the meaning of this. It's clear that Andreth feels, at several points, that Finrod is being condescending or patronizing of Men though he is not: "'But consider this well, Andreth, when we name you "Children of Eru" we do not speak lightly; for that name we do not utter ever in just or without full intent'" (p. 308, Morgoth's Ring). Finrod felt that Men and Elves were closest of all creatures of Middle-earth in body (hröa) and spirit (fëa). And yet he felt Men's brevity was inherent to their nature. Androth did not think it so: "'Yet among my people, from Wise unto Wise out of darkness, comes the voice saying that Men are not now as they were, nor as their true nature was in their beginning. And clearer still is said by the Wise of the People of Marach, who have preserved in memory a name for Him whom ye call Eru, though in my folk He was almost forgotten'" (p. 309, Morgoth's Ring). Men think they became short-lived due to Morgoth.

This Finrod believed for all who lived Arda Marred (or Middle-earth) had suffered some hurt due to Morgoth. This makes me thinking of the Fallen World we live in as described in Genesis. It made sense the Men were weaker now than when they first were created. Andreth responded: "'Nay, lord, the Wise among Men say: "We were not made for death, nor ever been born to die. Death was imposed upon us"" (p. 309, Morgoth's Ring). Indeed she went on to describe how the fear of death always chased Men but in the end it was inescapable. Finrod was long in silent thought for he had not heard such tidings before; that men were not made for death. He challenged her thoughts that perhaps she was confusing death and the Shadow of Morgoth which was unescapable: "'Nay, death,  is but a name we give to something that he has tainted, and it sounds therefore evil; but untainted its name would be good'" (p. 310, Morgoth's Ring).

Andreth felt Elves knew nothing of death being immortal. Finrod recounted his trip over the Grinding Ice and the many that died on that grim journey. Still Andreth was unmoved: "'For ye know that in dying you do not leave the world, and that you may return to life. Otherwise it is with us: dying we die, and we go out to no return. Death is an uttermost end, a loss irremediable. And it is abominable; for it is also a wrong done to us'" (p. 311, Morgoth's Ring). Finrod questioned what hope men had if this were really the case. He then went on to debunk her thoughts concerning the Elves telling how Arda was made by Eru, who does not reside in it, and that one day, as all knew, the End of Arda would come. "'And then we must die; we must perish utterly, it seems, for we belong to Arda (in hröa and fëa). And beyond that what? "The going of no return," as you say; "the uttermost end, the irremediable loss"? (p. 312, Morgoth's Ring).

Now it was Andreth's turn to be overwhelmed by new thoughts. And though the hunter Death may be slow footed when it came to the Elves he was still inescapable. But Finrod turned the conversation back to the idea that Men were made to die and how that came to be--for if Morgoth could rob the inheritance of the Children of Eru then he was more powerful than any could imagine. He pressed Andreth for what she knew concerning this. She would say little and Finrod could not believe that Morgoth could condemn the deathless to death. "'The Lord of this World is not he, but the One who made him, and his Viceregent is Manwë, the Elder King of Arda who is blessed'" (p. 313, Morgoth's Ring). The mention of the Valar made Andreth upset for they had not summoned Men as they had done with Elves. Finrod rebuked her as one who had lived among the Light of Aman with the Valar and knowing their good character.

Turning back to what she meant when she says Men were "'...born to life everlasting, without any shadow of end'" (p. 314, Morgoth's Ring). Finrod continued to question this new thought to his ears. Andreth explained the Wise that in their true natures no living thing was to die. Perhaps its important to note that not all the Wise spoke in one accord concerning these things. Finrod pointed out that she was claiming contradictory truths: that though made of Arda Men were not bound to it and thus Men's bodies and spirits were created out of harmony which did not seem possible for anyone unmarred. Finrod explained how the Elves viewed Men: "'Strange as we deem it, we see clearly that the fëar of Men are not, as are ours, confined to Arda, nor is Arda their home'" (p. 315, Morgoth's Ring). This was a new thought to Andreth who conceded something about it seemed right though she could not explain why. Finrod continued: "'The Shadow may have darkened your unrest, bringing swifter weariness and soon turning it to disdain, but the unrest was ever there, I believe'" (p. 316, Morgoth's Ring). Sounds like eternity was set upon Men's hearts.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 409
Today's reading comes from: Morgoth's Ring, pages 304-317

Of Eöl, Aredhel, and Maeglin

Eöl the Dwarf-friend invited to a Dwarven feast and he went leaving his son Maeglin and wife Aredhel alone. Together they rode to the edge of the woods seeking sunlight which Eöl shunned. Maeglin persuaded (though it did not take much) his mother to leave the woods forever and go to Gondolin. They told Eöl's servants they were leaving to visit the sons of Fëanor and left.  Eöl returned from the feast sooner than expected and was filled with wrath. He pursued them through the sunlight which he hated. And so it was that Eöl was captured by Curufin, one of the sons of Fëanor. A tense conversation takes place between the two as Eöl told of his errand to aid his son and wife, the White Lady of Gondolin, in their visit. Curufin laughed and Eöl learned they did stop to visit but were headed to elsewhere (Gondolin Eöl guessed).

Curufin bid Eöl leave, the sooner the better for he had no love for him. Eöl, feigning politeness thanked his kinsman for the help. Curifin then looked angrily at Eöl and responded, "'Do not flaunt the title of your wife before me...For those who steal the daughters of the Noldor and wed them without gift or leave do not gain kinship with their kin. I have given you leave to go. Take it, and be gone'" (p. 136, The Silmarillion). Curufin did forewarn Eöl though that should he continue his pursuit he would likely never return. Eöl rode on filled all the more with hatred for the Noldor. He espied Maeglin and Aredhel on the secret path to the outer gate of Gondolin. The people of Gondolin were overjoyed at the return of Aredhel and her brother listened in wonder to her tales. Maeglin bowed before Turgon taking him as King and Lord. The reunion was short lived as the gate guards brought a message of a captured Dark Elf, claiming Aredhel as wife, caught trying to gain entrance to the Hidden City.

Eöl was brought before Turgon and his court. Amazed at the vastness and beauty of Gondolin (as was Maeglin) it filled Eöl with more hatred. Turgon treated him with honor and as kin, rose to take his hand, and offered him citizenship in Gondolin, though he could never leave for he knew the secret ways in as was the law of the land. All that knew the way to the City could not depart. Eöl could contain his anger no longer. Defying Turgon's law, Eöl claimed the land belonged to his kin, the Teleri, whom the Noldor killed in the Kinslaying. He demanded his wife and son be returned, though he acknowledged Turgon's claim on Aredhel because they were brother and sister. Maeglin, he insisted, must depart with him, "Maeglin, Son of Eöl! Your father commands you. Leave the house of his enemies and the slayers of his kin, or be accursed!" (p. 137, The Silmarillion). Maeglin remained silent. Turgon pointed out that Eöl's land remained free only by the swords of the Noldor, but not wanting to debate said simply, "'This choice only is given to you: to abide here, or to die here; and so also for your son'" (p. 137, The Silmarillion).

For a long while Eöl only stared at Turgon and said nothing. Suddenly Eöl produced a hidden javelin, hurling it at Maeglin and shouted, "'The second choice I take and for my son also!'" (p. 138, The Silmarillion). Aredhel lept in front of Maeglin and was struck in the shoulder. Still Maeglin was silent. The next day Eöl was to be judged; Aredhel and Idril, Tugon's daughter, pleaded for mercy, but unbeknownst to all the dart was poisoned and Aredhel died in the night. No mercy was offered and Eöl was to be thrown off a high precipice along the mountains. Maeglin watched, saying nothing still. Eöl's last words were to curse his son before he was thrown to his death.

Idril was greatly troubled and no longer trusted her kin. Maeglin prospered greatly, teaching the people mining as he'd learned from the Dwarves, and he became like a mighty prince of the Noldor. He shirked no duty, silently carrying it out, with intentions to gain more power and influence. He taught mining to the Elves of Gondolin and helped to create strong weapons of war (referenced by Gandalf in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey indirectly). None knew Maeglin's heart save Idril. He loved Idril's beauty, however they were too close of kin for Elven marriage law and even if that were not so she did not love him. She perceived a crooked thing in him. So he watched, waited, and his love turned to darkness. "Thus it was in Gondolin; and amid all the bliss of that realm, while its glory lasted, a dark seed of evil was sown" (p. 139, The Silmarillion).

It would seem to me that Maeglin is not so different from his father. Wanting a woman he should not have. And what of Eöl and Aredhel--the husband kills the wife in a fit of rage? That crooked thing Idril perceived seems to always follow the Noldor. It's like the curse of sin that lives in all of humanity now. Try as we might we cannot escape it; I cannot escape it. Sin, selfishness, lust, pride, anger, and jealousy (to name a few) hound my choices seemingly choking the good I want. And so we will see this curse haunt Elves and Men for years as Tolkien portrays that inner struggle so well. Yet the hope we have in our lives is that of Jesus, His incarnation, His death, His burial, and His resurrection and the promise He brings for new life. New life now so that we are not enslaved to the sin any longer.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 400
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 136-139

The House of Haleth and the Drúedain

We have mostly been tracking with the House of Beor and Malach but people of Haladin were also reckoned among the Edain. The Haladin were a sort of a nomadic people as each household governed its own affairs; however Haldad loosely led them when there arose need to unite. Need did arise as Morgoth sent an Orc raiding party into Beleriand seeing his lies could not wholly separate Men and Elves. They attacked the Haladin. Haldad gathered all the people he could and built a quick fortification between the Ascar and Gelion rivers. He brought as many women and children to the stockade as possible. There they were besieged until the food ran out. In uttermost need Haldad led a sortie against the Orcs for food and was slain. He had twin children: Haleth a daughter and Haldar a son. Haldar rushed out to save his father's body from being butchered and was killed. Haleth, being a woman of great heart and strength, held the people together for another week, though hope was gone.

As the Orcs finally broke through the stockade Caranthir and his host saved the people of Haleth. Caranthir, finally, looked kindly upon Men. Seeing the valor of Haleth. He offered protection for Haleth and her people and recompense her father and brother's loss. Haleth was proud and did not take his offer for she wished to be ruled by no other. The Haladin gathered what they could and moved West. Henceforth they were known as the People of Haleth. Haleth led the people, with great hardship and loss, through the perilous lands between the Nan Dungortheb and the Girdle of Melian in. They eventually settled in the Forest of Brethil inside Thingol's realm yet outside the Girdle. Thingol would have forced them out save for the intercession of Finrod, who had pity on this people hearing all they endured. Finrod gave Haleth the message they could stay so long as they guarded the Crossing of Tieglin from Orcs. Haleth responded, "'Where is Haldad my father, and Haldar my brother? If the King of Doriath fears a friendship between Haleth and those who devoured her kin, then the thoughts of the Eldar are strange to Men'" (p. 147, The Silmarillion). Haleth dwelt in the Forest of Brethil until she died and there her people remained.

At this point I jumped to Unfinished Tales, which is a book of story fragments and notes that were discovered after Tolkien's death and pieced together by his son. Though the section concerning the Folk of Haleth has little bearing on the histories to come I found it very entertaining. There are various notes about how the Folk of Haleth were a people apart from the other Edain and some of their strange ways. One being the fact that many of their warriors were women. However, since dwelling in the Forest of Brethil they were skilled in forest war and rarely fought openly. 

"The strangest of all the customs of the Folk of Haleth was the presence among them of people of a wholly different kind, the like of which neither the Eldar in Beleriand nor the other Atani had ever seen before" (p. 377, Unfinished Tales). Atani was an Elvish word for Men. These people are the Drûg in the Haladin tongue. Because the Elves reckoned this people along with the Edain they were called Drúedain the Sindarin tongue. They were short stumpy, grew no facial hair (other than eyebrows) except a few men "...who were proud of the distinction..." (p. 377, Unfinished Tales), black eyes as dark as their pupils, wide mouths, deep and gutteral voices, and a laughter that set all who heard it, be they Elf or Man, laughing too. They were very few of number. It's important to note that Tolkien is adamant these are NOT Hobbits despite some similar features.

They were marvelous trackers relying on scent and very helpful when tracking Orcs. They fought in silence, did not boast in victory, and they hated Orcs passionately. The Drúedain were exceptional stone carvers. "Among the grim jests to which they put their skill was the making of Orc-figures which they set at the borders of the land shaped as if fleeing from it shrieking in terror. They made also images of themselves and placed them at entrances to tracks or at turnings of wood paths. These they called 'watch-stones'...Orcs feared them and believed them to be filled with their malice" (p. 379, Unfinished Tales).

Another feature of the Drúedain was their ability to stay still for long periods (days even) at a time. A humorous story among the Folk of Haleth is told about this: involving a Drúedain whose father died. He carved a statue of his father and then sat beside it in deep silence and reflection. A Man of Haleth came along and marveled at the life-likeness of the statues. Three days later he returned and being weary napped on one of the figures. Because it had been raining he slung his coat on top of the statue to dry. He was awoken by a voice behind him: "'I hope you are rested,' it said, ' but if you wish for more sleep, I beg you to move to the other one. He will never need to stretch his legs again; and I find your cloak too hot in the sun'" (p. 380, Unfinished Tales). That made me laugh.

The Folk of Haleth loved and trusted the Drúedain. One final story that illustrates this point. A Drúedain named Aghan was living near Barach, a forester of the Folk, and his family. Orcs had been raiding the woods but Barach's family felt safe with Aghan keeping watch. One day Aghan's brother was injured and he had to go since he was skilled in healing. Barach's family was sad and scared so Aghan carved a watch-stone for them. He took Barach to see it and then in silence Aghan laid his hands on the stone telling Barach he had given some of his powers to it.

Two days later Barach was awoken in the middle of the night by the distinct warning cry of the Drúedain. He looked out and saw two Orcs ready to light his house on fire. He was frightened but he grabbed his bow and went to shoot. He then saw a Drúedain come from nowhere, kill one Orc, scare the other away, and put out the fire with his bare feet. By the time Barach unbarred the door there was no sign of anything including the watch-stone, other than smoke and stench. The next day Aghan came back to the relief of Barach. When told of the story Aghan led Barach into the woods. They found the watch-stone, sitting on a dead orc, with charred and broken feet. And then Aghan unwrapped his buskins revealing bandaged feet. "'Alas! If some power passes from you to a thing you've made, then you must take a share in its hurts'" (p. 382, Unfinished Tales).

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, circa 375-390
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 145-147 and Unfinished Tales, pages 377-382
Relevant map: Beleriand

The Spread of Men

After a season of dwelling in Estolad Men, being restless, wanted to spread out in the lands. They were hemmed in by the Girdle of Melian and because they did not know the land. The Noldor, recognizing strength in Men, invited them to their lands and showed them the way. After 50 years many thousands lived among the the three kings of the Noldor. Bëor's people continued to stay loyal to Finrod while Aradan, son of Marach resided in Hithlum. Marach had stayed in Estolad until his death.

Finrod came to counsel Thingol concerning Men. Thingol was angry that no one else consulted him and he was troubled by dreams he had of Men before their arrival in Beleriand. He decreed that no man, even of Bëor should stay in his lands (he's becoming quite the isolationist) and whomever they served would be answerable for their deeds. Melian said to Galadriel, "'Now the world runs on swiftly to great tidings. And one of Men, even of Bëor's house, shall indeed come, and the Girdle of Melian shall not restrain him, for doom greater than my power shall send him; and the songs that shall spring from that coming shall endure when all Middle-earth is changed'" (p. 144, The Silmarillion).

Not all Men were contented to live with the Eldar. Among them Bereg of Bëor's house and Amlach the grandson of Marach were the chief's. It was in their dissent the shadow of Morgoth could be viewed. Seeing that the Light in the West, which had led to their original journey was over the Sea and unreachable they wondered why they should be caught up in the Eldar's fight against the Dark Lord. Others felt that it was for this very purpose they had come to Beleriand--to aid the Elves. I like that idea of sovereignty that some of the people possessed. Bereg responded that the lives of men are short enough without aiding in war.

A great council was called. And Almlach, or his likeness so it seemed, spoke up and accused the Noldor of seeking dominion of Middle-earth and using men for their means. This left many unsettled and fearful. It is clear that Morgoth's lies were at work, as this is nearly identical to the charges Fëanor brought against the Valar. Many, in light of these fell words, moved away with Beleg and out of tales. Interestingly, after the council Amlach denied being present and speaking the words that were attributed to him. It was clear that Morgoth's spies were among them and by his black arts sent a likeness of Amlach to create division amongst Men and Elves. Amlach was not pleased: "'I have now a quarrel of my own with this Master of Lies, which will last until my life's end'; and he went away north and entered the service of Maedhros" (p. 145, The Silmarillion).

The result of living in Beleriand and looking upon those who had beheld that Light of Valinor the years of men's lives were lengthened. Bëor, the old, died at the age of 93, after serving Finrod for 44 of those years. "And when he lay dead, the Eldar saw for the first time the swift waning of the life of Men, and the death of weariness which they knew not in themselves, and they grieved greatly for the loss of their friends" (p. 149, The Silmarillion). Alas, our time on earth is short. Teach us to number our days aright Lord.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, circa 322-369
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 143-144 & 148-149 & 144-145

The Tale of Eol and Aredhel

Aredhel the daughter of Fingolfin and was living with her brother Turgon in Gondolin. She grew weary of the Hidden City and wished to leave but Turgon long denied her request. Eventually he gave her leave but only to visit their brother Fingon. He was loath to let his sister near danger and also to let anyone who knew the way to the Hidden City wander abroad. She replied, "'I am your sister and not your servant, and beyond your bounds I will go as seems good to me'" (p. 131, The Silmarillion). How's that for a little sibling tension? An escort with her but she decided to see the sons of Feanor whom were her friends. As she traveled the march wardens of Doriath did not allow her to enter that realm for Thingol would not allow any Noldor (unless his kin from Finarfin's house) to pass his lands.

The quickest path, she was told, was through dangerous land. Being eager to see the sons of Feanor she traveled the no-man land between the Girdle of Melian and Nan Dungortheb where Ungoliant had settled long before. There she was separated from her guard. They looked for her in vain and aroused the fell creatures of Ungoliant in their search. They returned to Gondolin and reported the ill news to Turgon. "But Aredhel, having sought in vain for her companions, rode on, for she was fearless and hardy of heart, as were all the children of Finwe..." (p. 132 The Silmarillion). There are very few female characters in Tolkien's writings, but nearly all of them are presented in favorable light. Honorable, steadfast, wise, courageous beautiful in form, mind, and heart. There is something right and true about they way he portrays women.

Eventually she finds her way to the people of Celegorm. There she stayed awhile before becoming restless again and taking leave. She became lost in the woods of Nan Elmoth. There lived Eol, the Dark Elf, who loved the dense woods that did not allow the sun to shine. He was of Thingol's kin but grew restless in Doriath. He settled in Nan Elmoth and there befriended the Dwarves, learning their metal work and visiting their halls in Belegost and Nogrod often. Eol hated the Noldor blaming them for the return of Morgoth. He espied Aredhel lost in the woods. "Very fair she seemed to him, and he desired her; and he set his enchantments about her so that she could not find the ways out, but drew ever nearer to his dim halls, and such servants as he had, silent and secret as their master" (p. 133, The Silmarillion). Eol took her as wife and no one heard of her for a long time.

Whether he meant to or not Tolkien touches on masculinity gone bad. Not that I think Eol forced Aredhel into anything, rather, he passively went about this relationship. He could have rode out and helped her, given her the choice of staying with him or leaving the woods. Rather he led her by enchantment to his door. I'm sure being weary and close to wits end Eol seemed an inviting choice. Kind of like the guy who takes the friend route rather than just asking a woman out--for fear of rejection. "It is not said that Aredhel was wholly unwilling, nor that her life in Nan Elmoth was hateful to her for many years" (p. 133, The Silmarillion). She could wander the woods with Eol all she wanted. His only commands that she forsake the Sun (as he did) and that she not seek for the sons for Feanor or any Noldor for that matter. Isn't this ironic? Eol hates the Noldor yet takes one for a wife. She bore a son to Eol. Interestingly, she gave him a secret name in the Noldor tongue; Eol did not name him until he was 12 years old, and finally he called him Maeglin. 

In physical features he was like the Noldor but in mood Maeglin was like his father. He traveled often with his father learning Dwarf skill (particularly mining) as Eol had done: "Yet, it is said Maeglin loved his mother better..." (p. 134, The Silmarillion). She would tell him many stories of her kin and their deeds when Eol was away. Maeglin took all to heart. What most caught his attention was the fact that Turgon had no heir as his wife had died in the journey to Middle-earth and she had only bore him a daughter named Idril. Aredhel would not reveal the way to Gondolin but as she told her son the stories she longed to see Gondolin and her kin again especially since she was often left alone when Eol and Maeglin travelled. Maeglin also wanted to meet his kin and told his father the desire. Eol went off: "'...I will not deal nor have my son deal with the slayers of our kin, the invaders, and usurpers of our homes. In this you shall obey me, or I will set you in bonds'" (p. 134, The Silmarillion). Maeglin was silent and Eol did not trust his son. Wow, Eol is setting some bad fatherly examples here. Crushing his sons dream, hypocrisy (I will not deal with the slayers of our kin--other than marrying your mother, wait what?), threatening him, abandoning Aredhel for long stretches while he traveled. I get the idea that Eol is a selfish individual and that this dysfunctional family will affect others in Middle-earth.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, circa 316-400
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 131-134
Map of interest: Beleriand

The Eldar and the Edain

Finrod was hunting with Maglor and Maehdros when he stumbled upon a group of Men in Ossiriand. These were the first Men to come West over the mountains into Beleriand. These Men were learned by the Dark Elves in the wildlands East of the mountains. Finrod found that he could quickly understand their language since all Elvish speech had the same origin. Long he espied them making music by their fires and Finrod waited until they fell asleep. Finrod then made his way to the fire, picked up a harp, and made beautiful music. One by one the Men wake up and a friendship is born.

Finrod spent much time with them. Their chieftan was Beor and he told of other groups of Men migrating West. There were the Haladin who were waiting to hear the tidings of Beor's folk before crossing the mountains. Beor also told of the people of Malach whom they passed on the road for they were a numerous people. Finrod sought to learn of what led to their journey but little was said. "'A darkness lies behind us,' Beor said; 'and we have turned our backs upon it, and we do not desire to return thither even in thought. Westward our hearts have been turned, and we believe that there we shall find Light'" (p. 141, The Silmarillion).  Finrod stayed long with them and taught them many things. Edain he named them and it was later the name for the three houses of Men that were faithful to the Elves. It was perceived that a darkness was upon them (akin to the Doom of Mandos) and it was thought that Morgoth's purpose was to make Men and the Elves enemies.

The Green Elves were troubled by the coming of Men. They asked Finrod to bid them leave: "'And these folk are hewers of trees and hunters of beasts; therefore we are their unfriends, and if they will not depart we shall afflict them in all ways that we can'" (p. 142, The Silmarillion). So at Finrod's advice Beor's folk moved to a land after called Estolad where Amrod and Amros dwelt. Beor went to Nargothrond as a servant of Finrod for his remaining days which became a custom for the sons of the Edain. Eventually the other groups of Men came. The Haladin were waylaid by the Green Elves until they moved on and settled in the lands of Caranthir. The group lead by Malach were warriors and marched in companies. These men the Green Elves hid themselves from. Eventually though, Malach's people settled closer to Beor's folk for there was friendship between these two groups.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 310-312
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 140-143

Gondolin and a Prophecy

Turgon who still bore the message of Ulmo on his heart. Dagor Aglareb had prompted him to given much thought to the vale within the Encircling Mountains where none dwelt save Thorondor's Eagles. He began to secretly built his safe place as Finrod had built Nargothrond at the prompting of Ulmo. Around First Age 116 Gondolin, the Hidden Rock, was completed. With the protection of Ulmo by the waters of Sirion Turgon's people settled in Gondolin. Turgon was among the last to leave Nevrast by the Sea. Before he left Ulmo appeared himself (now a rare thing for the Valar) to Turgon. Ulmo offered solemn warnings to Turgon: "' Longest of all the realms of the Eldalie shall Gondolin stand against Melkor. But love not to well the work of thy hands and the devices of thy heart; remember that the true hope of the Noldor lieth in the West and cometh from the Sea'" (p. 125, The Silmarillion).

Ulmo also reminded Turgon he was under the Doom of Mandos which could not be changed. Danger would more likely come from treason within Gondolin's walls than from force without because of the Doom. Ulmo prophesied about when that day: ""But if this peril draweth nigh indeed, then even from Nevrast one shall come to warn thee, and from him beyond ruin and fire hope shall be born for Elves and Men. Leave therefore in this house arms and a sword, that in years to come he may find them, and thus thou shalt know him, and not be deceived'" (p. 126, The Silmarillion). Turgon then departed and left Nevrast deserted. He and his people passed out of knowledge for many years. They thrived in  Gondolin with fairest there being Idril, Turgon's daughter.

About First Age 155 Melkor tried to catch Fingolfin by surprise sending forth Orcs by way of the grinding ice and attacking at the Firth of Drengist. But Fingolfin was not unaware and he Orcs were found out and destroyed. This was not counted a major battle because not many participated in the fighting. Still, Morgoth realized Orcs alone could not defeat the Noldor. About 100 years later Glaurung, first of the fire-drakes (dragons) issued from Angband against Morgoh's wishes. Initially he struck fear and many fled Dorthonion. But Fingon rode against him with archers and turned him away as he was not yet full-grown. Again Fingon won great praise for his valor. Peace would follow for some time. But the Elves did not realize the full threat of dragons.

The words of Ulmo are playing in my head: "'But love not to well the work of thy hands and the devices of thy heart; remember that the true hope of the Noldor lieth in the West and cometh from the Sea.'" I so often am well pleased with myself and what I can accomplish. My ability to make life work, my management of sin, pride in my skills and possessions. And I so easily forget that my true hope and rescue come from Jesus. For the truth is I was a dead man before Christ and a dead man can do nothing for himself. Christ's death on the cross and resurrection is more than sufficient for all my needs. May my true hope lieth in Him.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, 116-260
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 125-126 & 116-117
Relevant map: Beleriand

The Truth Is Revealed

Finrod continued to build his stronghold, Nargothrond, while Galadriel stayed in Doriath. She spent much time with Melian who perceived the Noldor were hiding details from their journey to Middle-earth. It was originally thought by many of the Sindar that the Valar had sent the Noldor as aid since they came at in an hour of need. But Melian, being wise, noted that the Noldor brought no message from the Valar nor did they ever speak of them. They did not even bring news from Olwe King Thingol's brother who remained in Aman. She questioned Galadriel for the truth and finally it is revealed, in part. Galadriel spoke of the making of the Silmarils and the Noldor's choice to leave Middle-earth and the slaying of Finwe by Morgoth. She said nothing of the oath of Feanor, the Kinslaying, or the burning of ships. Melian perceived that she was not getting the whole story. Melian implored that more information be given to Thingol so he could make a better judgement on the Noldor but Galadriel refused. And no more did they speak of these matters.

Melian passed on what knowledge she gained from Galadriel to Thingol. In particular she noted the Silmarils, which she deemed to be a greater matter than event he Noldor knew, and the murder of Finwe. Thingol was sad to hear of his friend Finwe's death but he figured the Noldor will be staunch allies against Morgoth. Melian declared a shadow of wrath that followed the sons of Feanor; but Thingol heeds it little since they hold the most grievance against Morgoth because of the stolen Silmarils. "'Their swords and their counsels shall have two edges'" (p. 128, The Silmarillion) Melian replied and they spoke no more of it. Soon rumors of what the Noldor did on their journey were abroad among the Sindar spread by Morgoth. Cirdan was deeply troubled by them, though he did not know if true or false, he knew they were spread by malice. He sent messengers to Thingol in regards to the rumors.

It happened that at this time (around 67 First Age) Finarfin's sons were in Doriath visiting their sister Galadriel. Thingol angrily confronted them about their journey and especially about Kinslaying. Finrod was troubled but remained silent not wishing to bring charges against the other Noldor. Angrod, however, grew angry and in bitterness from the words of Caranthir told all of what happened on the road. Thingol still hot with anger bade them to leave but being kin he would not bar his doors forever. He also pledged future friendship with Fingolfin's people but he banished the tongue of the Noldor to ever be spoken in his realm. Those that dared to do so would be held unrepentant for the Kinslayings.  As the sons of Finarfin departed they knew the Doom of Mandos would be ever true for all those that followed Feanor out of the West. About 35 years later, roughly 102 The First Age, Nargothrond was completed by Finrod. All his brothers and Galadriel came for a time to feast. In prophetic mode he declared he would never marry: "'An oath I too shall swear, and must be free to fulfill it, and go into darkness. Nor shall anything of my realm endure that a son should inherit it'" (p. 130, The Silmarillion). Ominous words indeed. 

I can't help but wonder had Galadriel told the truth in full when asked originally would Thingol's anger be lessened? Perhaps not because upon his first visit to Doriath Finrod himself concealed the whole truth for he thought all was forgiven by his rescue of Maedhros and the death of Feanor. Thingol must have felt purposely deceived. And that's the problem with half-truths, or selective truths, is it not? We ultimately are purposely deceiving whomever we are talking with even if we think it's not a big deal or for their good.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age, years 61-102
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion

Beleriand

In chapter 14 of The Silamarillion Tolkien goes into great lengths about Beleriand after Dagor Aglareb. It is clear that Tolkien was genius in the detailed care he gave his story. Not only does he create different races with genealogy and languages but also gives as much thought detail to the land they inhabit. The amount of detail in this chapter is mind boggling. You don't go into detail about trees, and landscapes, and rivers, and mountains if you do not have an affinity for God's creation. For this post I am simply going to highlight where some of the key characters settled in bullet point fashion. I do strongly suggest looking at the map of Beleriand at the end of the post for reference if you are not already familiar with the landscape.

• Morgoth (Melkor) resided in the North with the Iron Mountains fencing in his domain
• Angband, the Hells of Iron, was built in the West by Morgoth to stand against any assault from the Valar
• Fingolfin with his son Fingon and their people lived in Hithlum to the West of Morgoth a land of cool air and cold winters. Most of the Elves populated Mithrim.
• Fingon's folk dwelt in Dor-lomin and Eithel Sirion was their main fortress and they had many horses. "Of those horses many of the sires came from Valinor, and they were given to Fingolfin by Maedhros in atonement of his losses, for they had been carried by ship to Losgar" (p. 119, The Silmarillion)
• To the West were the Echoing Mountains and the coasts where weather was much warmer. This is where Turgon, son of Fingolfin, dwelt. There were also many Grey-elves in the region of Nevrast. "All that people took Turgon as their lord, and the mingling of the Noldor and the Sindar came to pass the soonest there; and Turgon dwelt long in those halls that he named Vinyamar, under Mount Taras by the sea" (p. 119, The Silmarillion).
• Angrod and Aegnor, sons of Finarfin and brothers to Finrod, dwelt in the highlands of Dorthonion
• Finrod held the pass of Sirion and built a watch tower on Tol Sirion. After Finrod built Nargothrond and took up occupancy there his bother Orodreth held the pass of Sirion
• The realm of Nargothrond stretched from the River Nenning to the River Sirion save the area of Falas. This is where Cirdan and the shipbuilders dwelt
• With Cirdan's help some of the people of Nargothrond built ships and explored the Island of Balar to prepare it as a place of final refuge should all go ill
• "Thus the realm of Finrod was the greatest by far, though he was the youngest of the great lords of the Noldor, Fingolfin, Fingon, and Maedhros, and Finrod Felgund" (p. 121, The Silmarillion).
• East of the Sirion was the other half of Beleriand and it contained Nan Dungortheb. This is where Ungoliant settled after fleeing Morgoth. "All living things shunned that land, and the Noldor would pass through Nan Dungortheb only at great need, by the paths near to the borders of Doriath and furthest from the haunted hills" (p. 121, The Silmarillion). This land was set between the terrors of Ungoliant and the Girdle of Melian
• South of this no-man's land was Doriath and the Hidden Kingdom of Thingol. None could enter that land save by the will of Thingol or Melian
• Much of the surrounding land benefited from the Girdle of Melian; it was at Amon Ereb where Denethor died in early fighting against Morgoth's forces; but most of those lands were little inhabited; this hill would be important in later tales
• Ossiriand was the land of the seven rivers; of which Adurant was the furthest south and contained the island of Tol Galen (important later tales). The Green Elves dwelt here. "The woodcraft of the Elves of Ossiriand was such that a stranger might pass through their land from end to end and see none of them" (p. 123, The Silmarillion).
• East of Dorthonion the land was most flat and vulnerable to assault from Morgoth (in fact before Dagor Aglareb it's how his forces entered Beleriand). This is where the sons of Feanor dwelt
• Maedhros settled an area afterword known as the March of Maedhros with his chief city at the Hill of Himring
• The Pass of Aglon was heavily fortified by Celegorm and Curufin
• The Ward of Maglor was between the arms of the River Gelion
• To the East of Maglor's Gap all the way to the mountains resided Caranthir's people; the first of the Noldor to meet the Dwarves. Caranthir lived by Lake Helevorn.
• Of the sons of Feanor only Amrod and Amras did not dwell in the North. They dwelt toward the south by the great greenwoods (it's not named in the text but I'm assuming that means Taur-Im-Duinath) and because that land was wild and fair they were often visited by the Elf lords.
• "Of these Finrod Felegun came most often, for he had great love of wondering, and he came even into Ossiriand, and won the friendship of the Green-elves" (p. 124, The Silmarillion).

Middle-earth timeline: circa 61 First Age
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, page 118-124
Relevant map: Beleriand

The Glorious Battle

Around year 20 Fingolfin, now King of the Noldor, made a great feast. It was known as Mereth Aderthad the Feast of Reuniting. It was so named because nearly all Elves in Middle-earth were represented: Fingolfin's folk, Maedhros and Maglor represented the remnant of Feanor, Grey-elves, Cirdan and his folk from the Havens, even the secretive Green-elves of Ossiriand. Yet, Thingol sent only two representatives (Mablung and Daeron) from Doriath. This feast was often recalled with joy. I liken it to the fellowship of brothers in my life. Those special few men whom I can only see but a few times a year but my life is all the richer for it. And I look back on those times with fond memories.

Around year 50 Turgon, son of Fingolfin, sought his friend Finrod. They traveled together for a season. One night, as they camped by the river Sirion, Ulmo gave them dreams of foresight. Each was troubled but not saying a word to the other: "...it seemed that each was bidden to prepare for a day of evil, and to establish a retreat, lest Morgoth should burst from Angband and overthrow the armies of the North" (p. 114, The Silmarillion). Several years later Finrod and his sister Galadriel were guests of Thingol in Doriath being kinsmen and each would be overcome. Finrod by the splendor and might of Menegroth. He confessed his dream to Thingol whom helped him find a suitable place to build: within a deep gorge of the River Narog within hidden caves that few knew of.

Aided by the Dwarves, Finrod erected Nargothrond. The Dwarves were paid well for their work as Finrod brought the most treasure of any Noldor from Valinor. The Dwarves made Nauglamir, Necklace of the Dwarves, their greatest work of the Elder Days as a gift to Finrod Felegund (Hewer of Caves in the Dwarven tongue). In Nargothrond Finrod made his home. "Galadriel his sister went not with him to Nargothrond, for in Doriath dwelt Celeborn, kinsman of Thingol, and there was great love between them. Therefore she remained in the Hidden Kingdom, and abode with Melian, and of her learned great lore and wisdom" (p. 115, The Silmarillion). Turgon, meanwhile, did not find a suitable place to build his retreat and stayed idle. Ulmo himself appeared to him and led him into a hidden vale within the Encircling Mountains. Speaking to none upon his return to Nevrast by the Sea Turgon began planning the city he would build.

After roughly 60 years of peace Morgoth tested his foes once again thinking they had become idle. But Fingolfin and Maedhros were not. From either side of the Orc advance each attacked and crushed the enemy and pursued them within sight of Angband. Thus ended Dagor Aglareb, the Glorious Battle. It was the Third Battle of Beleriand. Though victorious the Elves tightened their defenses for they had not the strength to overthrow Thangorodrim. Fingolfin felt that only by treason from within could Morgoth breach their lines and he was correct. Morgoth was able to send out spies and sow seeds of dissension and learn about his enemies. "Thus Morgoth learned much of all that had befallen since the rebellion of Feanor, and he rejoiced, seeing therein the seed of man dissensions among his foes" (p. 116, The Silmarillion). Still the Siege of Angband would hold a fragile peace for the next 400 years or so.

Middle-earth timeline: First Age 20-60
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 113-116 and Unfinished Tales, page 233
Relevant map: Beleriand

The Rescue of Maedhros

Fingolfin's host arrived in Mithlum at the first rising of the Sun after their long march through the grinding ice. Because of the Sun they were able pass straight to Angband but Morgoth did not answer their challenges. Maedhros, in his torment, could hear his kin and called for help to no avail. And Fingolfin, being more cautious than Feanor, withdrew from Angband. Fingolfin's folk settled at Lake Mithrim same as Feanor's people who were amazed at the journey of their kin but offered no welcome due to their shame. In fact tensions were so high Feanor's sons relocated their people to the souther end of Lake Mithrim to avoid physical combat. "Thus because of the curse that lay upon them the Noldor achieved nothing, while Morgoth hesitated, and the dread of light was new and strong upon the Orcs" (p. 109. The Silmarillion).

Fingon, son of Fingolfin, resolved to heal the rift of the two groups. For he had been friends with Maedhros before the lies of Morgoth had separated them. He also desired this division be settled before their Enemy grew in strength and attacked them for already the earth shook from the underground forges of Angband and poisonous smoke and vapor issued forth blocking out the Sun. On his own, with no aid, Fingon ventured to Angband to find and free Maedhros. Eventually Fingon found his friend but there was no way to free him. Maedhros begged Fingon to kill him and end his misery. Seeing no other option Fingon raised an arrow and cried to Manwe: "'O King to whom all birds are dear, speed now this feathered shaft, and recall some pity for the Noldor in need'" (p. 110, The Silmarillion). Pity Manwe possessed, sending Thorondor, the King of Eagles, to their aid. Manwe "...had sent forth the race of Eagles, commanding them to dwell in the crags of the North, and to keep watch on Morgoth" (p. 110, The Silmarillion). Fingon was unable break the hell-wrought chain to free Maedhros therefore cut off Maedhros' right hand and Thorondor bore them to Mithrim. 

In time Maedhros healed and wielded his sword more efficiently with his left hand then his right. "By this deed Fingon won great renown, and all the Noldor praised him; and the hatred between the houses was assuaged" (p. 111, The Silmarillion). It's amazing to see how a selfless act can change hearts. Yes, Fingon hoped for such an outcome but traveling to Morgoth's fortress on his own truly was selfless. Is it true in your life? For me those deeds of love and kindness done selflessly have mattered most both spiritually and relationally in my life. Maedhros asked for forgiveness for the burning of the ships and waived his right to kingship to Fingolfin. Not all of Maedhros' brothers agreed with his actions. Nonetheless a watch was set up on Angband so that west, south, and east were guarded.

Meanwhile Thingol was not so pleased with so many Noldor newcomers to his land. He would only allow the Noldor of Finarfin's house to come to Doriath since they were kin. This it was so that Angrod, son of Finarfin, was the first to go to Menegroth and speak to Thingol of their journey: "...being true, and wisehearted, and thinking all griefs now forgiven, he spoke no word concerning the kinslaying, nor of the manner of the exile of the Noldor and the oath of Feanor" (p. 111, The Silmarillion). Thingol gave the Noldor rights to Hithlum and the highlands of Dorthonion, outermost and emptiest of his lands. He warned against the constraint of his people and allowed none of the newcomers in Doriath unless called or in great need. Not an overly warm welcome to say the least. In particular, Caranthir had harsh words to say about Thingol which offended Angrod.

Maedhros rebuked his brother and soon moved their people east to wide lands yet there was little natural defense, such as rivers and hills, against Angband there. It was known as the March of Maedhros. "It is said indeed Maedhros himself devised this plan, to lesson the chances of strife, and because he was very willing that the chief peril of assault should fall upon himself; and he remained for his part in friendship with the houses of Fingolfin and Finarfin, and would come among them at times for common counsel" (p. 112, The Silmarillion). Though the oath of his father slept for a season it did not release Maedhros. In the March Caranthir's people came upon the Dwarves of Belegost and Nogrod. Caranthir did not conceal his scorn for that people but both being enemies of Morgoth an uneasy alliance was formed. Indeed much profit came to both the Noldor and Dwarves because of it.

I reminded in this reading about the consequences of our actions. I think Tolkien makes that crystal clear in his writings. For good or for ill our actions have consequences. What am I reaping and what am I sowing? I truly think my life would look radically different if I seriously contemplated the consequences of my every action. I either am caught up in feelings, emotions and selfishness (see Feanor) or I am, in faith, taking God at His word and living by the standards he set resulting in better consequences to sow.

Middle-earth Timeline: 5-7 First Age
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 108-113)
Relevant map: Beleriand (helpful today since I listed many areas of Beleriand!)

Arrival of the Sun, Moon, and Men

Meanwhile in Valinor the Valar were not idle. Being diving powers they were able to work many things with thought rather than hands. They thought of the End of the world and Middle-earth where Morgoth (Melkor) now dwelt and they lamented. "And they mourned not more for the death of the Trees than for the marring of Feanor: of the works of Melkor one of the most evil"  (p. 98, The Silmarillion) Indeed, it is told by the Vanyar that Manwe wept when he heard the words of Feanor as he left Aman. Once the Noldor had departed Manwe ordered Yavanna and Nienna to put forth their powers of healing and growth toward the Trees. "Yet even as hope failed and her song faltered, Telperion bore at last upon a leafless bough one great flower of silver, and Laurelin a single fruit of gold" (p. 99, The Silmarillion).

Out of the last blooming of the Trees the Valar fashioned the Sun and the Moon. Manwe and Aule hollowed the last flower and fruit and Varda created vessels to carry the light as lamps in the heavens. While bright and fair their light was not unsullied. The only light of the Trees shining unmarred by Ungoliant and Morgoth remained in the Silmarils. Indeed, Manwe knew that the awakening of Men was drawing near. Knowing the second Children of Iluvatar were mortal the Valar wished not to attack Morgoth for fear of destroying fragile Men. The Sun and Moon were designed to thwart Morgoth whose forces thrived in darkness. The Moon was called Isil and the Sun was named Arnar and two Maiar to were selected to guide their paths. Arien was the mightier of the two and she steered the Sun while Tilion, a hunter of Orome, who loved Telperion begged to be given the Moon.

The Moon rose first and circled Middle-earth seven times before the first rising of the Sun. Indeed, at the first rising of the Moon: "...Fingolfin let blow his silver trumpets and and began his march into Middle-earth, and the shadows of his host went long and black before them" (p. 100, The Silmarillion). At the first rising of the Sun Morgoth and his servants were dismayed and retreated into the deep fortress of Angband. It was decreed by Varda the rotation of the Sun and Moon; each with it's time to reign in the sky. When that time ended the vessel would set in Valinor until pulled under the earth by the Servants of Ulmo and travelled in haste under Middle-earth and rose in the East. In case you are wondering the world was flat at this time in Middle-earth's history. "But Tilion went with uncertain pace, as yet he goes, and was still drawn towards Arien, as he ever shall be; so that often both may be seen above the Earth together, or at times it will chance that he comes so nigh that his shadow cuts off her brightness and there is a darkness amid the day" (p. 101, The Silmarillion).

Morgoth, filled with hate, attacked Tilion but could not overcome him. Arien was too bright and powerful for Morgoth since he had already given much of his strength to the building of his armies. Morgoth was now bound to Middle-earth and less like Valar. Still, seeing his attack the Valar feared his reach and proceeded to fortify Aman and effectively cutting it off from Middle-earth. They rose steep mountains and guarded passes with fortresses and sentinels. In the Sea the Enchanted Isles were placed hindering any mariner from finding their way into the Blessed Realm:  "...save one only: the mightiest mariner of song" (p. 102, The Silmarillion). Now the Valar rested leaving the Noldor to contest with Morgoth. Of all the Valar Ulmo kept the exiles of Valinor in his thought.

"At the first rising of the Sun the Younger Children of Iluvatar awoke in the land of Hildorien in the eastward regions of Middle-earth; but first the Sun arose in the West, and the opening eyes of Men were turned towards it, and their feet as they wandered over the Earth for the most part strayed that way" (p. 103, The Silmarillion). Men were given many names by the Eldar: Usurpers, Mortals, Sickly, the Followers, and many others. Not much is told of Men in the First Age of Middle-earth (time passed more swiftly with the Sun and Moon than during the Age of the Two Trees); except of those who became involved in the fate of the Noldor and the Silmarils. For now Valar came to summon Men as they had with the Elves. "Ulmo nonetheless took thought for them, aiding the counsel and will of Manwe; but his messages came often to them by stream and flood" (p. 103, The Silmarillion). Men's hearts were often stirred by the sound of water even if they knew not why.

Because of the unlooked for strike of the Valar Morgoth's power was held in check by the Sun and Moon and Men had little evil to contend with during their beginning days. They befriended the Dark Elves, those of the Eldar who had never made the trip to Valinor. "Immortal were the Elves, and their wisdom waxed from age to age; and no sickness or pestilence brought death to them. Their bodies were indeed the stuff of Earth, and could be destroyed; and in those days they were more like to the bodies of Men, since they had not so long been inhabited by the fire of their spirit, which consumes them from within in the courses of time. But Men were more frail, more easily slain by weapon or mischance, and less easily healed; subject to sickness and many ills, and they grew old and died. What may befall of their spirits the Elves known not" (p. 104, The Silmarillion). I've been ordering a few of the The Histories of Middle-earth, Christopher Tolkien's mammoth work on how his father created Middle-earth and one of the books contains an eschatological conversation between an Elf and human on what happens after death. That should be an interesting read and blog post. It is told that only one Man ever returned to Middle-earth after death but his tale is not yet come.

Middle-earth timeline: End of the Age of the Two Trees to First Age 1
Today's reading comes from: The Silmarillion, pages 98-105
Relevant Map: Beleriand